Many federal assistance programs are funded by formula grants that have historically relied at least in part on population data from the decennial census and related data to allocate funds. In June 2009, the Census Bureau reported that in FY 2007 the fed. gov¿t. (FG) obligated over $446 billion through funding formulas that rely at least in part on census and related data. This report determined: (1) how much the FG obligates to the largest fed. assistance programs based on the decennial census and related data, and how the Recovery Act changed that amount; and (2) what factors could affect the role of population in grant funding formulas. The report identified the 10 largest fed. assistance programs in FY 2008 and 2009. Charts and tables.