Formal And Informal Social Safety Nets
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Author | : M. Ashraf |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 251 |
Release | : 2014-06-05 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 1137388749 |
In Formal and Informal Social Safety Nets , Ashraf analyses the role of social safety nets in a time when our global economy threatens our way of life, as entire cities such as Detroit are declared bankrupt.
Author | : Kathleen Beegle |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 337 |
Release | : 2018-07-02 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1464811660 |
Poverty remains a pervasive and complex phenomenon in Sub-Saharan Africa. Part of the agenda in recent years to tackle poverty in Africa has been the launching of social safety nets programs. All countries have now deployed safety net interventions as part of their core development programs. The number of programs has skyrocketed since the mid-2000s though many programs remain limited in size. This shift in social policy reflects the progressive evolution in the understanding of the role that social safety nets can play in the fight against poverty and vulnerability, and more generally in the human capital and growth agenda. Evidence on their impacts on equity, resilience, and opportunity is growing, and makes a foundational case for investments in safety nets as a major component of national development plans. For this potential to be realized, however, safety net programs need to be significantly scaled-up. Such scaling up will involve a series of technical considerations to identify the parameters, tools, and processes that can deliver maximum benefits to the poor and vulnerable. However, in addition to technical considerations, and at least as importantly, this report argues that a series of decisive shifts need to occur in three other critical spheres: political, institutional, and fiscal. First, the political processes that shape the extent and nature of social policy need to be recognized, by stimulating political appetite for safety nets, choosing politically smart parameters, and harnessing the political impacts of safety nets to promote their sustainability. Second, the anchoring of safety net programs in institutional arrangements †“ related to the overarching policy framework for safety nets, the functions of policy and coordination, as well as program management and implementation †“ is particularly important as programs expand and are increasingly implemented through national channels. And third, in most countries, the level and predictability of resources devoted to the sector needs to increase for safety nets to reach the desired scale, through increased efficiency, increased volumes and new sources of financing, and greater ability to effectively respond to shocks. This report highlights the implications which political, institutional, and fiscal aspects have for the choice and design of programs. Fundamentally, it argues that these considerations are critical to ensure the successful scaling-up of social safety nets in Africa, and that ignoring them could lead to technically-sound, but practically impossible, choices and designs.
Author | : Laura Rawlings |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 240 |
Release | : 2004 |
Genre | : Juvenile Nonfiction |
ISBN | : 9780821350621 |
Annotation Introduced in Bolivia a little over a decade ago, social funds have become a key community-led poverty reduction tool. The social fund model has proved to be a dynamic, replicable approach, easily adapted and scaled up in diverse countries around the world. This study is the first systematic cross-country impact evaluation of social funds using survey data and accepted evaluation methodologies.
Author | : The World Bank |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 264 |
Release | : 2018-03-23 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 1464812551 |
The State of Social Safety Nets 2018 Report examines global trends in the social safety net/social assistance coverage, spending, and program performance based on the World Bank Atlas of Social Protection Indicators of Resilience and Equity (ASPIRE) updated database. The report documents the main social safety net programs that exist globally and their use to alleviate poverty and to build shared prosperity. The 2018 report expands on the 2015 edition, both in administrative and household survey data coverage. A distinct mark of this report is that, for the first time, it tells the story of what happens with SSN/SA programs spending and coverage over time, when the data allow us to do so. This 2018 edition also features two special themes †“ Social Assistance and Ageing, focusing on the role of old-age social pensions, and Adaptive Social Protection, focusing on what makes SSN systems/programs adaptive to various shocks.
Author | : Melese Getu |
Publisher | : African Books Collective |
Total Pages | : 318 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 9970252410 |
"Addressing several themes in the social protection literature, this book makes an original and important contribution to the rapidly growing body of literature on social protection in sub-Saharan Africa. Some of the themes are relatively neglected or under-researched, while some others are not usually conceptualised as social protection. These themes are organized around the major issues: informal social protection, urban social protection, social protection and physical security, social protection in unstable contexts, climate change, pastoralism, and gender"--Back cover.
Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 141 |
Release | : 2016-07-06 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0309374065 |
Universal health coverage (UHC) has been recognized by the World Health Organization as a key element in reducing social inequality and a critical component of sustainable development and poverty reduction. In most of the world UHC is sought through a combination of public and private-sector health care systems. In most low- and middle-income countries health systems are evolving to increasingly rely on the private sector because the public sector lacks the infrastructure and staff to meet all health care needs. With growing individual assets available for private-sector expenditure, patients often seek better access to technology, staff, and medicines. However, in low-income countries nearly 50 percent of health care financing is out-of-pocket. With the expected increase in the overall fraction of care provided through the private sector, these expenditures can be financially catastrophic for individuals in the informal workforce. In the global workforce of approximately 3 billion people, only 10 to 15 percent are estimated to have some type of access to occupational health services. The informal workforce is growing worldwide, and the degree to which its occupational health needs are satisfied depends on the capabilities of the general health care system. In July 2014, the Institute of Medicine held a workshop on approaches to universal health coverage and occupational health and safety for informal sector workers in developing countries. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop. Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety for the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries identifies best practices and lessons learned for the informal workforce in developing countries in the financing of health care with respect to health care delivery models that are especially suitable to meeting a population's needs for a variety of occupational health issues, including the prevention of or mitigation of hazardous risks and the costs of providing medical and rehabilitation services and other benefits to various types of workers within this population. These experiences and lessons learned may be useful for stakeholders in moving the discussions, policies, and mechanisms forward to increase equitable access to quality health services without financial hardship for the informal workforce.
Author | : K. Subbarao |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 204 |
Release | : 1997 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
The need for social safety nets has become a key component of poverty reduction strategies. Over the past three decades several developing countries have launched a variety of programs, including cash transfers, subsidies in-kind, public works, and income-generation programs. However, there is little guidance on appropriate program design, and few studies have synthesized the lessons from widely differing country experiences. This report fills that gap. It reviews the conceptual issues in the choice of programs, synthesizes cross-country experience, and analyzes how country- and region-specific constraints can explain why different approaches are successful in different countries.
Author | : Martha Chen |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 335 |
Release | : 2020-07-14 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0429575386 |
This landmark volume brings together leading scholars in the field to investigate recent conceptual shifts, research findings and policy debates on the informal economy as well as future challenges and directions for research and policy. Well over half of the global workforce and the vast majority of the workforce in developing countries work in the informal economy, and in countries around the world new forms of informal employment are emerging. Yet the informal workforce is not well understood, remains undervalued and is widely stigmatised. Contributors to the volume bridge a range of disciplinary perspectives including anthropology, development economics, law, political science, social policy, sociology, statistics, urban planning and design. The Informal Economy Revisited also focuses on specific groups of informal workers, including home-based workers, street vendors and waste pickers, to provide a grounded insight into disciplinary debates. Ultimately, the book calls for a paradigm shift in how the informal economy is perceived to reflect the realities of informal work in the Global South, as well as the informal practices of the state and capital, not just labour. The Informal Economy Revisited is the culmination of 20 years of pioneering work by WIEGO (Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing), a global network of researchers, development practitioners and organisations of informal workers in 90 countries. Researchers, practitioners, policy-makers and advocates will all find this book an invaluable guide to the significance and complexities of the informal economy, and its role in today’s globalised economy. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780429200724, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license
Author | : Franziska Ohnsorge |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 397 |
Release | : 2022-02-09 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1464817545 |
A large percentage of workers and firms operate in the informal economy, outside the line of sight of governments in emerging market and developing economies. This may hold back the recovery in these economies from the deep recessions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic--unless governments adopt a broad set of policies to address the challenges of widespread informality. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the extent of informality and its implications for a durable economic recovery and for long-term development. It finds that pervasive informality is associated with significantly weaker economic outcomes--including lower government resources to combat recessions, lower per capita incomes, greater poverty, less financial development, and weaker investment and productivity.
Author | : Andualem Melaku |
Publisher | : GRIN Verlag |
Total Pages | : 120 |
Release | : 2022-08-02 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 334668573X |
Master's Thesis from the year 2021 in the subject Economics - Other, grade: 3.5, Ethiopian Civil Service University, language: English, abstract: The aim of this study is to assess the effects of urban productive safety net program on the livelihood of the ultrapoor in Addis Ababa City Administration, with particular focus on Kolfe Keranio Sub-City. Specifically, the study focuses on the socio-economic status of the graduate-households before and after joining UPSNP and, challenges facing the graduate-households in the process of attaining sustainable IGA's. Furthermore, on opportunities gained benefiting from UPSNP and to assess attitudes of the communities towards the graduates/program. Within these, mixed approaches were employed to gather data. Moreover, a stratified sampling method was administered in order to maintain equal chances to women and men. To this end, a cross-sectional survey was employed to collect data from 179 graduate-household heads. Structured interviews, focus group discussions, key informant interviews as well as observation of the researcher were also adopted in order to gather qualitative data. The finding of the research reveals that UPSNP has not brought a significant change on the livelihood of the graduate-households. No convincing difference was observed among households before and after joining UPSNP, although, very few households confirmed they have seen positive effects. The investigation has also ascertained the existence of so many challenges affecting the process of IGA's from the households side and government side as well as nation-wide obstacles such as inflation/food price rise/ and house rent increment, since the majority of the graduate-households dwell in rental houses. The interpretation also confirmed the presence of special opportunities for the graduate-households being beneficiary of the program. And, almost all the communities have positive attitude towards the graduate-household and the program. Furthermore, the researcher recommended that special credit access should be facilitated to support and boosts the IGA's. Eventually, work places should be allotted before grant, problem of housing and inflation should be taken careful attention to solve and additional components other than the support component should be facilitated.