India is a growing economic power and is expected to grow at a sustained annual average rate of 7-8 % in first leg upto the end of current decade and at the rates of nearing 10% by the later period of the year 2010. At this critical phase of its development, the resilience of this democratic nation remains in its commitment towards sustainable development, and economic prosperity without damaging the environmental and natural fabric of the nation, which is necessary for the well being of its diverse masses. However, sizable proportion of population is dependent on natural resources including forests. Under the changing scenario of economic, socio-cultural and developmental scene, ensuring the sustainability of natural resources particularly the availability of limited forest resources becomes a challenge for the sector. Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) becomes the necessity for the country looking to the dependency of rural poor on the forests for their livelihood. SFM incorporates the technical, ecological and economic aspects of the forestry as well as addresses the socio-economic and livelihoods of forest dwelling communities. Criteria and Indicators (C&I) approach being adopted by as many as 159 countries for achieving SFM. The C&I framework helps to define the SFM and continuously monitor the various interventions made to improve the forests. The book is devoted on this important aspect of the forestry sector of India and it is the first attempt of its kind on the theoretical and practical aspects of C&I for SFM. This book has made an attempt to help young persons who are studying SFM and other forestry subjects at college or universities to understand the concept and upgrade their knowledge on the subject. Throughout the book the complex subject has been made simple to understand. Part I gives an overview of the SFM, C&I for SFM in India. Part II describes the Biodiversity conservation and sustainability, Part III devoted to Economic valuation of forest resources, giving note of existing system of forest resource accounting and distortion in it and also on the proposed forest resource accounting suiting to forestry situation in India. Part IV to VI discusses the issues of Forest certification and need, Forest monitoring and evaluation system, and National strategy for SFM.