Foreign Exchange Intervention Rules for Central Banks: A Risk-based Framework

Foreign Exchange Intervention Rules for Central Banks: A Risk-based Framework
Author: Romain Lafarguette
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 33
Release: 2021-02-12
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1513569406

This paper presents a rule for foreign exchange interventions (FXI), designed to preserve financial stability in floating exchange rate arrangements. The FXI rule addresses a market failure: the absence of hedging solution for tail exchange rate risk in the market (i.e. high volatility). Market impairment or overshoot of exchange rate between two equilibria could generate high volatility and threaten financial stability due to unhedged exposure to exchange rate risk in the economy. The rule uses the concept of Value at Risk (VaR) to define FXI triggers. While it provides to the market a hedge against tail risk, the rule allows the exchange rate to smoothly adjust to new equilibria. In addition, the rule is budget neutral over the medium term, encourages a prudent risk management in the market, and is more resilient to speculative attacks than other rules, such as fixed-volatility rules. The empirical methodology is backtested on Banco Mexico’s FXIs data between 2008 and 2016.

Foreign Exchange Intervention: A Dataset of Public Data and Proxies

Foreign Exchange Intervention: A Dataset of Public Data and Proxies
Author: Gustavo Adler
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 67
Release: 2021-02-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1513566679

Foreign exchange intervention (FXI) is a highly debated topic. Yet, comprehensive and comparable data on FXI is hard to find. This paper provides a new dataset of FXI covering a large number of countries over the period 2000-20 at monthly and quarterly frequencies. It includes publicly available data for about 40 countries and carefully constructed proxies for 122 countries. Proxies are focused on both spot and derivative transactions that alter the central bank’s foreign currency position and account for a wide range of central bank operations, including vis-à-vis residents, the first proxy to do so to our knowledge. The paper discusses the merits of the new proxy relative to coarser measures traditionally used like the change in reserves, and potential definitional differences with published data. The paper also presents stylized facts using our newly constructed FXI proxies.

Strained Relations

Strained Relations
Author: Michael D. Bordo
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 453
Release: 2015-03-02
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 022605151X

During the twentieth century, foreign-exchange intervention was sometimes used in an attempt to solve the fundamental trilemma of international finance, which holds that countries cannot simultaneously pursue independent monetary policies, stabilize their exchange rates, and benefit from free cross-border financial flows. Drawing on a trove of previously confidential data, Strained Relations reveals the evolution of US policy regarding currency market intervention, and its interaction with monetary policy. The authors consider how foreign-exchange intervention was affected by changing economic and institutional circumstances—most notably the abandonment of the international gold standard—and how political and bureaucratic factors affected this aspect of public policy.

The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions

The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions
Author: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2002
Genre: Banks and Banking
ISBN: 9780894991967

Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications.

The Relative Effectiveness of Spot and Derivatives Based Intervention

The Relative Effectiveness of Spot and Derivatives Based Intervention
Author: Milan Nedeljkovic
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 35
Release: 2017-01-24
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1475571038

This paper studies the relative effectiveness of foreign exchange intervention in spot and derivatives markets. We make use of Brazilian data where spot and non-deliverable futures based intervention have been used in tandem for more than a decade. The analysis finds evidence in favor of a significant link between both modes of intervention and the first two moments of the real/dollar exchange rate. As predicted by theory for the case of negligible convertibility risk, the impact of spot market intervention in our baseline sample is strikingly similar to that achieved through futures based intervention worth an equivalent amount in notional principal.

The Central Bank Transparency Code

The Central Bank Transparency Code
Author: International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Total Pages: 132
Release: 2020-07-30
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781513551814

The paper reports to the Executive Board on its decision of April 29, 2019, to prepare an IMF Central Bank Transparency Code (CBT), which is linked to the 2017 Review of the Standards and Codes Initiative (RSCI), for a revision and update of the 1999 Monetary and Financial Policies Transparency Code (MFPT). Directors asked that the CBT should remove the overlap on financial policies covered by other international standards, expand the transparency standards to broader set of activities undertaken by many central banks since the 2008 financial crisis, and reorient the transparency standards to facilitate risk-based assessments to support policy effectiveness and address macroeconomic risks.

The Microstructure Approach to Exchange Rates

The Microstructure Approach to Exchange Rates
Author: Richard K. Lyons
Publisher: MIT Press (MA)
Total Pages: 360
Release: 2001
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

Explaining the puzzling behavior of exchange rates using models from microstructure finance and data from electronic trading.

Progress in Economics Research, Volume 11

Progress in Economics Research, Volume 11
Author: Albert Tavidze
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Total Pages: 262
Release: 2007
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781600217395

This series spans the globe presenting leading research in economics. It is perhaps a sign of the times that economic weapons seem to be as powerful as or more so than tanks. International applications and examples of economic progress are invaluable in the world of the 21st century.