The People's Network

The People's Network
Author: Robert MacDougall
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Total Pages: 344
Release: 2014-01-08
Genre: History
ISBN: 0812245695

The Bell System dominated telecommunications in the United States and Canada for most of the twentieth century, but its monopoly was not inevitable. In the decades around 1900, ordinary citizens—farmers, doctors, small-town entrepreneurs—established tens of thousands of independent telephone systems, stringing their own wires to bring this new technology to the people. Managed by opportunists and idealists alike, these small businesses were motivated not only by profit but also by the promise of open communication as a weapon against monopoly capital and for protection of regional autonomy. As the Bell empire grew, independents fought fiercely to retain control of their local networks and companies—a struggle with an emerging corporate giant that has been almost entirely forgotten. The People's Network reconstructs the story of the telephone's contentious beginnings, exploring the interplay of political economy, business strategy, and social practice in the creation of modern North American telecommunications. Drawing from government documents in the United States and Canada, independent telephone journals and publications, and the archives of regional Bell operating companies and their rivals, Robert MacDougall locates the national debates over the meaning, use, and organization of the telephone industry as a turning point in the history of information networks. The competing businesses represented dueling political philosophies: regional versus national identity and local versus centralized power. Although independent telephone companies did not win their fight with big business, they fundamentally changed the way telecommunications were conceived.

The General Statutes of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Relating to the Public Schools

The General Statutes of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Relating to the Public Schools
Author: Anonymous
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 82
Release: 2024-01-31
Genre: Fiction
ISBN: 3382832348

Reprint of the original, first published in 1875. The publishing house Anatiposi publishes historical books as reprints. Due to their age, these books may have missing pages or inferior quality. Our aim is to preserve these books and make them available to the public so that they do not get lost.

Management and Participation in the Public Sphere

Management and Participation in the Public Sphere
Author: Merviö, Mika Markus
Publisher: IGI Global
Total Pages: 418
Release: 2015-04-30
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1466685549

Public policy has a dynamic effect on multiple facets of modern society. Methods for managing and engaging the public sphere continue to change conceptually across the globe, impacting the ways that governments and citizens interact both within and across borders. Management and Participation in the Public Sphere is a definitive reference source for the latest scholarly research on the interplay of public affairs and the domestic realm, providing innovative methods on managing public policy across various nations, cultures, and governments. Featuring expansive coverage on a multitude of relevant topics in civic involvement, information technology, and modes of government, this publication is a pivotal reference source for researchers, students, and professionals seeking current developments in novel approaches to public policy studies. This publication features timely, research-based chapters on the critical issues of public policy including, but not limited to, archival paradigms, Internet censorship, media control, civic engagement, virtual public spaces, online activism, higher education, and public-private partnerships.

Listening Skills for the 21st Century

Listening Skills for the 21st Century
Author: E.J. Stewart
Publisher: Lulu.com
Total Pages: 126
Release: 2010-04-03
Genre: Education
ISBN: 0557308410

Listening Skills for the 21st Century is a textbook intended to help Japanese students master basic listening skills in English. Based on the principles of phonics, the text introduces long and short vowel sounds, using the technique of 'minimal pairs.' In addition, consonant sounds the persistently bother Japanese students are presented. Exercises for both vowels and consonants include choosing which sound is heard, choosing between pairs of words heard in a sentence, writing the word that is heard in a sentence, and choosing between four possible words in a sentence. The text introduces short conversations and short passages for global listening comprehension. Beyond basic listening exercises, Listening Skills for the 21st Century includes all the basics of media listening.