Fluid Mechanical Measurements Within The Boundary Layer Over The Northern California Continental Shelf During Stress
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Dynamics of the Bottom Boundary Layer on the Northern California Shelf
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 1998 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Time-series measurements of velocity, temperature and conductivity on the northern California shelf during two winter seasons permit an observational test, in vertically integrated form, of a simple set of sub-inertial momentum and heat balances for the bottom boundary layer, which have resulted from recent theoretical work. These are: (1) an along-isobath momentum equation that reduces to a classical Ekman balance; (2) a cross isobath momentum equation in which the Ekman balance is modified by a buoyancy force caused by distortion of the isopycnal surfaces within the boundary layer; and (3) a heat balance in which variability of temperature is produced by cross isobath advection. The measurements confirm the importance of buoyancy in the cross isobath momentum equation, and, as has recently been predicted theoretically, they indicate that buoyancy is a dominant effect when the boundary layer is thick, which typically occurs during downwelling-favorable flows. An Ekman balance describes sub inertial fluctuations in the along-isobath momentum equation with moderate success. The mean along-isobath momentum equation is significantly influenced by a buoyancy force caused by an along-isobath temperature gradient, and along-isobath advection is as important as cross isobath advection in the heat balance. Thus along-isobath variability of temperature, which has been neglected in most theoretical work, is fundamental to the structure of the velocity field and the evolution of the temperature field. The most striking feature of the measurements is a persistent cross isobath mean flow, which is offshore below 20 m above bottom, onshore above 20 m, and uniform above 30 m. The transport produced by this flow, relative to the unsheared flow above 30 m, is much larger than the Ekman transport associated with the mean along-isobath bottom stress.
Physical Processes in Estuaries
Author | : Job Dronkers |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 556 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3642736912 |
In Physical Processes in Estuaries the present day knowledge of the physics of transport phenomena in estuaries and their mathematical treatment is summarized: It is divided into following parts: - Water movements in estuaries - Estuarine fronts and river plumes - Internal waves and interface stability - Fine sediment transport, aggregation of particles, settling velocity of mud flocs - Sedimentation and erosion of fine sediments. For each topic an up-to-date review and recommendations for future research are given, followed by results of original studies. Since estuarine environments are the first to be threatened by urbanization and industrial exploitation this book is an important tool for students and researchers of environmental problems as well as for consultants and water authorities.
Transport and Transformation of Contaminants Near the Sediment-Water Interface
Author | : Joseph V. DePinto |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 372 |
Release | : 1993-10-13 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9780873718875 |
Transport and Transformation of Contaminants Near the Sediment-Water Interface addresses the issue of contaminated bottom sediments and their potential adverse impacts on water quality. This state-of-the-science book covers regulatory management perspectives, physical processes, chemical and biological processes, and process synthesis/modeling. Specific topics discussed include EPA's Sediment Quality Criteria program from a regulatory perspective; flocculation, deposition, and resuspension of fine-grained sediments; approaches for measuring vertical sediment flux near the sediment-water interface; equilibrium models for metal speciation in natural sediments; the partitioning of organic chemicals in bottom sediments; and the development and application of models of sediment and associated contaminant transport in surface waters. The significance of recent studies suggesting that interaction of contaminated bottom sediments with the overlying water play an important role in the long-term recovery of aquatic systems makes Transport and Transformation of Contaminants Near the Sediment-Water Interface essential for water quality engineers, environmental chemists, and environmental toxicologists. The volume provides important information for consultants, regulators, researchers, and graduate students as well.
Nearshore Currents Over a Barred Beach
Author | : Antonio Fernando Garcez Faria |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 182 |
Release | : 1997 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : |
The objective of this dissertation is to develop numerical models and compare their predictions with data acquired during the DUCK94 experiment in order to improve our physical understanding of the hydrodynamic processes governing the vertical and cross shore distributions of both longshore and cross shore currents over a barred beach. The vertical structure of the mean longshore current is found to be well described by a logarithmic profile and a relationship between bed shear stress and bottom roughness, including the influence of ripples and mega-ripples, was also found. The vertical structure of the mean cross shore current (undertow) is modeled using an eddy viscosity closure scheme to solve for the turbulent shear stress and includes contributions from breaking wave rollers. These models of the vertical profiles of longshore and cross shore mean currents are combined to formulate a quasi three dimensional model to describe the cross shore distribution of the longshore current. This model includes turbulent mixing due to the cross shore advection of mean momentum of the longshore current by the mean cross shore current and contributions from wave rollers.
Chemical Dynamics in Freshwater Ecosystems
Author | : Frank A.P.C. Gobas |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 260 |
Release | : 2018-01-18 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1351078976 |
Chemical Dynamics in Freshwater Ecosystems reviews the processes that control the distribution and impacts of chemical substances discharged into freshwater aquatic environments. The book focuses on the relationships between chemical emissions and the resulting ambient concentration in water, sediments, fish, benthos, plants, and other components of real aquatic ecosystems. Hydrodynamics, sediment dynamics, chemical fate processes, bioaccumulation, and food-chain transfer are major topics discussed in the book. Case studies and models are used to illustrate how quantitative predictions of chemical dynamics and behavior in the aquatic environment can be made. Chemical Dynamics in Freshwater Ecosystems is an excellent reference for aquatic toxicologists, wildlife toxicologists, wildlife biologists, environmental chemists, governmental regulators, environmental modelers, consultants, and students studying the effects of chemicals on aquatic environments.
The Global Coastal Ocean - Processes and Methods
Author | : Kenneth H. Brink |
Publisher | : Harvard University Press |
Total Pages | : 630 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 9780674017405 |