Fluctuations and Localization in Mesoscopic Electron Systems

Fluctuations and Localization in Mesoscopic Electron Systems
Author: Martin Janssen
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 228
Release: 2001
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9789812798923

The quantum phenomena of tunneling and interference show up not only in the microscopic world of atoms and molecules, but also in cold materials of the real world, such as metals and semiconductors. Though not fully macroscopic, such mesoscopic systems contain a huge number of particles, and the holistic nature of quantum mechanics becomes evident already in simple electronic measurements. The measured quantity fluctuates as a function of applied fields in an unpredictable, yet reproducible way. Despite this fingerprint character of fluctuations, their statistical properties are universal, i.e. they are the same for a large class of different mesoscopic systems, having only very few parameters in common. Localization of electrons is a dramatic effect of destructive interference. As a consequence a metal can become an insulator while reaching mesoscopic scales. Based on elementary quantum and statistical physics, this text introduces the theory of mesoscopic electron systems. It focuses on universal characteristics of fluctuations and on the localization mechanism. General concepts and methods are stressed, such as scaling laws for distribution functions. Tools from condensed matter theory are used flexibly. Involved technical details are skipped so as to present a broad overview of the field, including topics like quantum dots, the quantum Hall effect and a number of the most recent developments. Contents: Experimental Facts; Basic Theoretical Models and Tools; Idealized Systems; Towards Realistic Systems; The Localization-Delocalization Transition. Readership: Condensed matter and theoretical physicists.

Fluctuations and Localization in Mesoscopic Electron Systems

Fluctuations and Localization in Mesoscopic Electron Systems
Author: Martin Janssen
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 219
Release: 2001
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9810242093

The quantum phenomena of tunneling and interference show up not only in the microscopic world of atoms and molecules, but also in cold materials of the real world, such as metals and semiconductors. Though not fully macroscopic, such mesoscopic systems contain a huge number of particles, and the holistic nature of quantum mechanics becomes evident already in simple electronic measurements. The measured quantity fluctuates as a function of applied fields in an unpredictable, yet reproducible way. Despite this fingerprint character of fluctuations, their statistical properties are universal, i.e. they are the same for a large class of different mesoscopic systems, having only very few parameters in common. Localization of electrons is a dramatic effect of destructive interference. As a consequence a metal can become an insulator while reaching mesoscopic scales. Based on elementary quantum and statistical physics, this text introduces the theory of mesoscopic electron systems. It focuses on universal characteristics of fluctuations and on the localization mechanism. General concepts and methods are stressed, such as scaling laws for distribution functions. Tools from condensed matter theory are used flexibly. Involved technical details are skipped so as to present a broad overview of the field, including topics like quantum dots, the quantum Hall effect and a number of the most recent developments.

Electronic Transport in Mesoscopic Systems

Electronic Transport in Mesoscopic Systems
Author: Supriyo Datta
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 398
Release: 1997-05-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1139643010

Advances in semiconductor technology have made possible the fabrication of structures whose dimensions are much smaller than the mean free path of an electron. This book gives a thorough account of the theory of electronic transport in such mesoscopic systems. After an initial chapter covering fundamental concepts, the transmission function formalism is presented, and used to describe three key topics in mesoscopic physics: the quantum Hall effect; localisation; and double-barrier tunnelling. Other sections include a discussion of optical analogies to mesoscopic phenomena, and the book concludes with a description of the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism and its relation to the transmission formalism. Complete with problems and solutions, the book will be of great interest to graduate students of mesoscopic physics and nanoelectronic device engineering, as well as to established researchers in these fields.

Foundations of Quantum Chromodynamics

Foundations of Quantum Chromodynamics
Author: Taiz? Muta
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 431
Release: 2010
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9812793534

This volume develops the techniques of perturbative QCD in great pedagogical detail starting with field theory. Aside from extensive treatments of the renormalization group technique, The operator product expansion formalism and their applications to short-distance reactions, this book provides a comprehensive introduction to gauge theories. Examples and exercises are provided to amplify the discussions on important topics. This is an ideal textbook on the subject of quantum chromodynamics and is essential for researchers and graduate students in high energy physics, nuclear physics and mathematical physics.

Effective Field Approach To Phase Transitions And Some Applications To Ferroelectrics (2nd Edition)

Effective Field Approach To Phase Transitions And Some Applications To Ferroelectrics (2nd Edition)
Author: Julio A Gonzalo
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 469
Release: 2006-08-24
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9814477508

This book begins by introducing the effective field approach, the simplest approach to phase transitions. It provides an intuitive approximation to the physics of such diverse phenomena as liquid-vapor transitions, ferromagnetism, superconductivity, order-disorder in alloys, ferroelectricity, superfluidity and ferroelasticity. The connection between the effective field approach and Landau's theory is stressed.The main coverage is devoted to specific applications of the effective field concept to ferroelectric systems, both hydrogen bonded ferroelectrics, like those in the TGS family, and oxide ferroelectrics, like pure and mixed perovskites.

Symmetries And Curvature Structure In General Relativity

Symmetries And Curvature Structure In General Relativity
Author: Graham S Hall
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 443
Release: 2004-04-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9814505315

This is a text on classical general relativity from a geometrical viewpoint. Introductory chapters are provided on algebra, topology and manifold theory, together with a chapter on the basic ideas of space-time manifolds and Einstein's theory. There is a detailed account of algebraic structures and tensor classification in general relativity and also of the relationships between the metric, connection and curvature structures on space-times. The latter includes chapters on holonomy and sectional curvature. An extensive study is presented of symmetries in general relativity, including isometries, homotheties, conformal symmetries and affine, projective and curvature collineations. Several general properties of such symmetries are studied and a preparatory section on transformation groups and on the properties of Lie algebras of vector fields on manifolds is provided.

Modern Differential Geometry For Physicists (2nd Edition)

Modern Differential Geometry For Physicists (2nd Edition)
Author: Chris J Isham
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
Total Pages: 306
Release: 1999-03-19
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9813102969

This edition of the invaluable text Modern Differential Geometry for Physicists contains an additional chapter that introduces some of the basic ideas of general topology needed in differential geometry. A number of small corrections and additions have also been made.These lecture notes are the content of an introductory course on modern, coordinate-free differential geometry which is taken by first-year theoretical physics PhD students, or by students attending the one-year MSc course “Quantum Fields and Fundamental Forces” at Imperial College. The book is concerned entirely with mathematics proper, although the emphasis and detailed topics have been chosen bearing in mind the way in which differential geometry is applied these days to modern theoretical physics. This includes not only the traditional area of general relativity but also the theory of Yang-Mills fields, nonlinear sigma models and other types of nonlinear field systems that feature in modern quantum field theory.The volume is divided into four parts: (i) introduction to general topology; (ii) introductory coordinate-free differential geometry; (iii) geometrical aspects of the theory of Lie groups and Lie group actions on manifolds; (iv) introduction to the theory of fibre bundles. In the introduction to differential geometry the author lays considerable stress on the basic ideas of “tangent space structure”, which he develops from several different points of view — some geometrical, others more algebraic. This is done with awareness of the difficulty which physics graduate students often experience when being exposed for the first time to the rather abstract ideas of differential geometry.

The QCD Vacuum, Hadrons, and Superdense Matter

The QCD Vacuum, Hadrons, and Superdense Matter
Author: E. V. Shuryak
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 644
Release: 2004
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9789812565693

This invaluable book is an extensive set of lecture notes on variousaspects of non-perturbative quantum chromodynamics thefundamental theory of strong interaction on which nuclear and hadronicphysics is based.The original edition of the book, written in the mid-1980''s, had moreof a review style.

The Elementary Process Of Bremsstrahlung

The Elementary Process Of Bremsstrahlung
Author: Eberhard Haug
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 272
Release: 2004-03-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9814485195

This book deals with the theory and experiment of the elementary process of bremsstrahlung, where photons are detected in coincidence with decelerated outgoing electrons. Such experiments allow for a more stringent check of the theoretical work. The main emphasis is laid on electron-atom bremsstrahlung and electron-electron bremsstrahlung, but further bremsstrahlung processes are also dealt with. In the theoretical parts, triply differential cross sections are derived in various approximations, including electron spin and photon-polarization. In the experimental sections, electron-photon coincidence experiments are discussed. These are done partly with transversely polarized electron beams and partly with detectors for the bremsstrahlung linear polarization.