This book illustrates lichens that were recently collected in Mato Grosso do Sul state in Brazil. The second author lived during four years in this state while he was visiting professor at the main university. He made numerous excursions, often with colleagues, to whom he is very thankful, to collect lichens all over the state. This book depicts a selection of those. For many species, this is the first time that colour pictures are published. Full references to the descriptive literature and to synonyms are given. New species: Constrictolumina fusca Aptroot & Schumm Pyrenula lilaceoreagens Aptroot, Carollo & Schumm Thelopis flavosorediata Aptroot & Schumm