Financing Vaccines In The 21st Century
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| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 472 |
| Release | : 2001-02-21 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309174988 |
Vaccines have made it possible to eradicate the scourge of smallpox, promise the same for polio, and have profoundly reduced the threat posed by other diseases such as whooping cough, measles, and meningitis. What is next? There are many pathogens, autoimmune diseases, and cancers that may be promising targets for vaccine research and development. This volume provides an analytic framework and quantitative model for evaluating disease conditions that can be applied by those setting priorities for vaccine development over the coming decades. The committee describes an approach for comparing potential new vaccines based on their impact on morbidity and mortality and on the costs of both health care and vaccine development. The book examines: Lessons to be learned from the polio experience. Scientific advances that set the stage for new vaccines. Factors that affect how vaccines are used in the population. Value judgments and ethical questions raised by comparison of health needs and benefits. The committee provides a way to compare different forms of illness and set vaccine priorities without assigning a monetary value to lives. Their recommendations will be important to anyone involved in science policy and public health planning: policymakers, regulators, health care providers, vaccine manufacturers, and researchers.
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 368 |
| Release | : 2010-05-17 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309156203 |
Vaccination is a fundamental component of preventive medicine and public health. The use of vaccines to prevent infectious diseases has resulted in dramatic decreases in disease, disability, and death in the United States and around the world. The current political, economic, and social environment presents both opportunities for and challenges to strengthening the U.S. system for developing, manufacturing, regulating, distributing, funding, and administering safe and effective vaccines for all people. Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan examines the extraordinarily complex vaccine enterprise, from research and development of new vaccines to financing and reimbursement of immunization services. Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan examines the extraordinarily complex vaccine enterprise, from research and development of new vaccines to financing and reimbursement of immunization services. The book makes recommendations about priority actions in the update to the National Vaccine Plan that are intended to achieve the objectives of disease prevention and enhancement of vaccine safety. It is centered on the plan's five goals in the areas of vaccine development, safety, communication, supply and use, and global health.
| Author | : Michael Kinch |
| Publisher | : Simon and Schuster |
| Total Pages | : 486 |
| Release | : 2018-07-03 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1681778203 |
If you have a child in school, you may have heard stories of long-dormant diseases suddenly reappearing—cases of measles, mumps, rubella, and whooping cough cropping up everywhere from elementary schools to Ivy League universities because a select group of parents refuse to vaccinate their children. Between Hope and Fear tells the remarkable story of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases and their social and political implications. While detailing the history of vaccine invention, Kinch reveals the ominous reality that our victories against vaccine-preventable diseases are not permanent—and could easily be undone. In the tradition of John Barry’s The Great Influenza and Siddhartha Mukherjee’s The Emperor of All Maladies, Between Hope and Fear relates the remarkable intersection of science, technology, and disease that has helped eradicate many of the deadliest plagues known to man.
| Author | : Dean T. Jamison |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 1449 |
| Release | : 2006-04-02 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0821361805 |
Based on careful analysis of burden of disease and the costs ofinterventions, this second edition of 'Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition' highlights achievable priorities; measures progresstoward providing efficient, equitable care; promotes cost-effectiveinterventions to targeted populations; and encourages integrated effortsto optimize health. Nearly 500 experts - scientists, epidemiologists, health economists,academicians, and public health practitioners - from around the worldcontributed to the data sources and methodologies, and identifiedchallenges and priorities, resulting in this integrated, comprehensivereference volume on the state of health in developing countries.
| Author | : Owen Barder |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 132 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
A legacy of our generation -- Ch. 1. We need to invest more in vaccines -- Ch. 2. Promoting private investment in vaccine development -- Ch. 3. A market not a prize -- Ch. 4. Design choices -- Ch. 5. $3 billion per disease -- Ch. 6. Meeting industry requirements -- Ch. 7. How sponsors can do it.
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 237 |
| Release | : 2013-04-27 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309267021 |
Vaccines are among the most safe and effective public health interventions to prevent serious disease and death. Because of the success of vaccines, most Americans today have no firsthand experience with such devastating illnesses as polio or diphtheria. Health care providers who vaccinate young children follow a schedule prepared by the U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Under the current schedule, children younger than six may receive as many as 24 immunizations by their second birthday. New vaccines undergo rigorous testing prior to receiving FDA approval; however, like all medicines and medical interventions, vaccines carry some risk. Driven largely by concerns about potential side effects, there has been a shift in some parents' attitudes toward the child immunization schedule. The Childhood Immunization Schedule and Safety identifies research approaches, methodologies, and study designs that could address questions about the safety of the current schedule. This report is the most comprehensive examination of the immunization schedule to date. The IOM authoring committee uncovered no evidence of major safety concerns associated with adherence to the childhood immunization schedule. Should signals arise that there may be need for investigation, however, the report offers a framework for conducting safety research using existing or new data collection systems.
| Author | : Barry R. Bloom |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 666 |
| Release | : 2016-06-23 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 012805400X |
The Vaccine Book, Second Edition provides comprehensive information on the current and future state of vaccines. It reveals the scientific opportunities and potential impact of vaccines, including economic and ethical challenges, problems encountered when producing vaccines, how clinical vaccine trials are designed, and how to introduce vaccines into widespread use. Although vaccines are now available for many diseases, there are still challenges ahead for major diseases, such as AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. This book is designed for students, researchers, public health officials, and all others interested in increasing their understanding of vaccines. It answers common questions regarding the use of vaccines in the context of a rapidly expanding anti-vaccine environment. This new edition is completely updated and revised with new and unique topics, including new vaccines, problems of declining immunization rates, trust in vaccines, the vaccine hesitancy, and the social value of vaccines for the community vs. the individual child's risk. - Provides insights into diseases that could be prevented, along with the challenges facing research scientists in the world of vaccines - Gives new ideas about future vaccines and concepts - Introduces new vaccines and concepts - Gives ideas about challenges facing public and private industrial investors in the vaccine area - Discusses the problem of declining immunization rates and vaccine hesitancy
| Author | : Georgia Levenson Keohane |
| Publisher | : Columbia University Press |
| Total Pages | : 263 |
| Release | : 2016-09-27 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 023154166X |
Despite social and economic advances around the world, poverty and disease persist, exacerbated by the mounting challenges of climate change, natural disasters, political conflict, mass migration, and economic inequality. While governments commit to addressing these challenges, traditional public and philanthropic dollars are not enough. Here, innovative finance has shown a way forward: by borrowing techniques from the world of finance, we can raise capital for social investments today. Innovative finance has provided polio vaccines to children in the DRC, crop insurance to farmers in India, pay-as-you-go solar electricity to Kenyans, and affordable housing and transportation to New Yorkers. It has helped governmental, commercial, and philanthropic resources meet the needs of the poor and underserved and build a more sustainable and inclusive prosperity. Capital and the Common Good shows how market failure in one context can be solved with market solutions from another: an expert in securitization bundles future development aid into bonds to pay for vaccines today; an entrepreneur turns a mobile phone into an array of financial services for the unbanked; and policy makers adapt pay-for-success models from the world of infrastructure to human services like early childhood education, maternal health, and job training. Revisiting the successes and missteps of these efforts, Georgia Levenson Keohane argues that innovative finance is as much about incentives and sound decision-making as it is about money. When it works, innovative finance gives us the tools, motivation, and security to invest in our shared future.
| Author | : Paul A. Offit |
| Publisher | : Yale University Press |
| Total Pages | : 262 |
| Release | : 2007-09-18 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 9780300126051 |
Vaccines have saved more lives than any other single medical advance. Yet today only four companies make vaccines, and there is a growing crisis in vaccine availability. Why has this happened? This remarkable book recounts for the first time a devastating episode in 1955 at Cutter Laboratories in Berkeley, California, thathas led many pharmaceutical companies to abandon vaccine manufacture. Drawing on interviews with public health officials, pharmaceutical company executives, attorneys, Cutter employees, and victims of the vaccine, as well as on previously unavailable archives, Dr. Paul Offit offers a full account of the Cutter disaster. He describes the nation's relief when the polio vaccine was developed by Jonas Salk in 1955, the production of the vaccine at industrial facilities such as the one operated by Cutter, and the tragedy that occurred when 200,000 people were inadvertently injected with live virulent polio virus: 70,000 became ill, 200 were permanently paralyzed, and 10 died. Dr. Offit also explores how, as a consequence of the tragedy, one jury's verdict set in motion events that eventually suppressed the production of vaccines already licensed and deterred the development of new vaccines that hold the promise of preventing other fatal diseases.
| Author | : Vijay Kumar Prajapati |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 436 |
| Release | : 2022-08-15 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0323859410 |
Emergence of new and deadly infectious diseases is significantly deteriorating the human health. Development of vaccine by the scientist has become an important weapon to control the spread of infectious diseases as well as to improve the life expectancy at global level in 20th-21st Century. This book will provide the in-depth knowledge of vaccine history, and development of new strategies to design efficacious and safe vaccine molecule. This book will cover the development of system vaccinology and their applications revolutionize the vaccine discovery. This will provide a resource for the basic and clinical researcher working to human life expectancy by their vaccine experiments and clinical trials. My purpose to write this book to educate the students and researchers with modern development in the field of vaccinology and empowering the researcher with new tools and methodology for developing potential and immunogenic vaccines. This book will be helpful to solve the curiosity of science and medical background students related with vaccinology and will be helpful to devise a new vaccine molecule to control the spread of new and emerging pathogens. Systems biology is a rapidly expanding research discipline aiming to integrate multifaceted datasets generated using state-of-the-art high- throughput technologies such as arrays and next-generation sequencing. Combined with sophisticated computational analysis we are able to interrogate host responses to infections and vaccination on a systems level, thus generating important new hypotheses and discovering unknown associations between immunological parameters. Provides in-depth knowledge of vaccine history Covers the development of system vaccinology and their applications revolutionize the vaccine discovery Gives insights to the development of new strategies to design efficacious and safe vaccine molecule Provides a resource for the basic and clinical researcher working to human life expectancy by their vaccine experiments and clinical trials Highlights the importance of differential miRNA expression, microbiome after vaccination for human health Serves the need of students and researcher for applying computational tools and quick designing of potential molecule which may be proposed for vaccine trial Take the decisions to perform the kind of experiments for assessment of vaccine immunogenicity Aims to understand disease pathogenesis and host responses to infection and vaccination Offers a seamless continuum of scientific discovery and vaccine invention
