In the analysis, the value of total compensation to the service member, in FY82, was used as a point of reference. First, the history and implementation of the various retirement benefits were reviewed in detail. Previous studies and resultant proposals to change the retirement system were thoroughly examined. Then, any proposed changes in compensation were assessed by evaluating their ultimate impact on force structure, related force effectiveness and resultant costs. Particular attention was focused on the system's effectiveness as a general long-term force management tool that must attract and retain the high-quality career force essential for our national security as well as support the development of a ready pool of reserve manpower for immediate recall. In a substantial portion of this analysis, alternative to the existing retirement system were developed and evaluated. An additional focus was placed on the consideration of how the retirement system assists in the transition of service members to the private sector upon retirement, and to extent to which it provides adequate compensation when they later reach old age. An extensive study of post-service earnings of all veterans (both retired and separated) was conducted especially for this effort. The volume contains a statement of the concepts and principles of Uniformed Services compensation, a detailed description of the computer modelling techniques employed, and a comprehensive discussion of the groups' findings and recommendations for change. The information in this volume is presented in such a manner that is understandable to the average reader yet technically correct and highly revealing to the econometrician.