Vegetable fibers play an important role in domestic use and fiber industry for different purposes such as ropes, chords, twines, binders, gunny bags, carpets etc. Long vegetable fibers include both bast fibers obtained the bark of the stem and the fibers obtained from leaves. Among the bast fibers are utee, kenaf, ramie, flax, Hibiscus spp. and leaf fibers such as Agave sp. The present gives a detailed account of important bast fibers of world with respect to utility, botany, development of fibers, anatomy, methods of extraction, quality. There exist large variations among bast fibers in anatomical structures among different bass fibers crops and among varieties of the same species. In the case of ramie and flax fibers cells, oval are arranged in isolated manner or in patches in the cortex. The bast fibers are extracted by retting process caused by bacterial actions while in the case of ramie being cellulosic the fibers are extracted by chemical degumming process. The book deals with distribution, anatomy, extraction methods of few Mexican laef fibres such as Agave lecheguilla, yucca carnersana exploited extensively in arid lands of Nrteast Mexico. In the last part of the book is given a concise review on the technology of the fibers and its quality. The book will be useful in fiber industry and serve as text book in agriculture.