Since the Cuban Revolution in 1959, many more women have entered the workforce and have started to play a full role in society. Over the same period, fertility and infant mortality rates have fallen dramatically. By the early 1980s women were having fewer children than in many industrialised countries. The reasons for these changes are of considerable interest to countries searching for policies which will reduce fertility rates and increase women's economic status and activity. This monograph is based largely on a sample survey by the Cuban Federation of Women and the University of Havana of a.