Fertility And Public Policy
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| Author | : Noriyuki Takayama |
| Publisher | : MIT Press |
| Total Pages | : 296 |
| Release | : 2010-12-17 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0262295121 |
Experts discuss the appropriateness and effectiveness using public policy to influence fertility decisions. In 2050, world population growth is predicted to come almost to a halt. Shortly thereafter it may well start to shrink. A major reason behind this shift is the fertility decline that has taken place in many developed countries. In this book, experts discuss the appropriateness and effectiveness of using public policy to influence fertility decisions. Contributors discuss the general feasibility of public interventions in the area of fertility, analyze fertility patterns and policy design in such countries as Japan, South Korea, China, Sweden, and France, and offer theoretical analyses of parental fertility choices that provide an overview of a broad array of child-related policy instruments in a number of OECD and EU countries. The chapters show that it is difficult to gauge the effectiveness of such policy interventions as child-care subsidies, support for women's labor-force participation, and tax incentives. Data are often incomplete, causal relations unproved, and the role of social norms and culture difficult to account for. Investigating reasons for the decline in fertility more closely will require further study. This volume offers the latest work on this increasingly important subject.
| Author | : Frances McCall Rosenbluth |
| Publisher | : Stanford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 252 |
| Release | : 2006-12-08 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 9780804768207 |
This book takes an interdisciplinary approach to one of Japan's thorniest public policy issues: why are women increasingly forgoing motherhood? At the heart of the matter lies a paradox: although the overall trend among rich countries is for fertility to decrease as female labor participation increases, gender-friendly countries resist the trend. Conversely, gender-unfriendly countries have lower fertility rates than they would have if they changed their labor markets to encourage the hiring of women—and therein lies Japan's problem. The authors argue that the combination of an inhospitable labor market for women and insufficient support for childcare pushes women toward working harder to promote their careers, to the detriment of childbearing. Controversial and enlightening, this book provides policy recommendations for solving not just Japan's fertility issue but those of other modern democracies facing a similar crisis.
| Author | : Committee on Population |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 42 |
| Release | : 1999-04-12 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0309518881 |
This report summarizes presentations and discussions at the Workshop on the Social Processes Underlying Fertility Change in Developing Countries, organized by the Committee on Population of the National Research Council (NRC) in Washington, D.C., January 29-30, 1998. Fourteen papers were presented at the workshop; they represented both theoretical and empirical perspectives and shed new light on the role that diffusion processes may play in fertility transition. These papers served as the basis for the discussion that is summarized in this report.
| Author | : Ronald R. Rindfuss |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 190 |
| Release | : 2015-10-12 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 3319214829 |
This volume examines two distinct low fertility scenarios that have emerged in economically advanced countries since the turn of the 20th century: one in which fertility is at or near replacement-level and the other where fertility is well below replacement. It explores the way various institutions, histories and cultures influence fertility in a diverse range of countries in Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The book features invited papers from the Conference on Low Fertility, Population Aging and Population Policy, held December 2013 and co-sponsored by the East-West Center and the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA). It first presents an overview of the demographic and policy implications of the two low fertility scenarios. Next, the book explores five countries currently experiencing low fertility rates: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore and South Korea. It then examines three countries that have close to replacement-level fertility: Australia, the Netherlands and the United States. Each country is featured in a separate chapter written by a demographer with expert knowledge in the area. Very low fertility is linked to a number of conditions countries face, including a declining population size. At the same time, low fertility and its effect on the age structure, threatens social welfare policies. This book goes beyond the technical to examine the core institutional, policy and cultural factors behind this increasingly important issue. It helps readers to make cross-country comparisons and gain insight into how diverse institutions, policies and culture shape fertility levels and patterns.
| Author | : Ronald R. Rindfuss |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2016-06-28 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 9783319329956 |
This volume examines ten economically advanced countries in Europe and Asia that have experienced different levels of fertility decline. It offers readers a cross-country perspective on the causes and consequences of low birth rates and the different policy responses to this worrying trend. The countries examined are not only diverse geographically, historically, and culturally, but also have different policies and institutions in place. They include six very-low-fertility countries (Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and Taiwan) and four that have close to replacement-level fertility (United Kingdom, Norway, Canada, and France). Although fertility has gone down in all these countries over the past 50 years, the chapters examine the institutional, policy, and cultural factors that have led some countries to have much lower fertility rates than others. In addition, the final chapter provides a cross-country comparison of individual perceptions about obs tacles to fertility, based on survey data, and government support for families. This broad overview, along with a general introduction, helps put the specific country papers in context. As birth rates continue to decline, there is increasing concern about the fate of social welfare systems, including healthcare and programs for the elderly. This book will help readers to better understand the root causes of such problems with its insightful discussion on how a country’s institutions, policies, and culture shape fertility trends and levels.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 24 |
| Release | : 1984 |
| Genre | : Crops and climate |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Jack A. Goldstone |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
| Total Pages | : 344 |
| Release | : 2012-08-16 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0199945969 |
The field of political demography - the politics of population change - is dramatically underrepresented in political science. At a time when demographic changes - aging in the rich world, youth bulges in the developing world, ethnic and religious shifts, migration, and urbanization - are waxing as never before, this neglect is especially glaring and starkly contrasts with the enormous interest coming from policymakers and the media. "Ten years ago, [demography] was hardly on the radar screen," remarks Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of the Center for Strategic and International Studies, two contributors to this volume. "Today," they continue, "it dominates almost any discussion of America's long-term fiscal, economic, or foreign-policy direction." Demography is the most predictable of the social sciences: children born in the last five years will be the new workers, voters, soldiers, and potential insurgents of 2025 and the political elites of the 2050s. Whether in the West or the developing world, political scientists urgently need to understand the tectonics of demography in order to grasp the full context of today's political developments. This book begins to fill the gap from a global and historical perspective and with the hope that scholars and policymakers will take its insights on board to develop enlightened policies for our collective future.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 285 |
| Release | : 2001-11-15 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0309170281 |
This volume is part of an effort to review what is known about the determinants of fertility transition in developing countries and to identify lessons that might lead to policies aimed at lowering fertility. It addresses the roles of diffusion processes, ideational change, social networks, and mass communications in changing behavior and values, especially as related to childbearing. A new body of empirical research is currently emerging from studies of social networks in Asia (Thailand, Taiwan, Korea), Latin America (Costa Rica), and Sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya, Malawi, Ghana). Given the potential significance of social interactions to the design of effective family planning programs in high-fertility settings, efforts to synthesize this emerging body of literature are clearly important.
| Author | : Eleanor L. Stevenson, PhD, RN |
| Publisher | : Springer Publishing Company |
| Total Pages | : 394 |
| Release | : 2016-01-25 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0826172547 |
Delivers current knowledge from global experts at the forefront of fertility and ART healthcare The first publication of its kind, this book on fertility and assisted reproductive technology (ART) is a globally focused, authoritative guide to state-of-the-art information about modern fertility and ART healthcare. Written for clinicians, public health officials, women’s health experts, scientists, students, scholars, and other interested individuals, the book encompasses theoretical, research, policy, and clinical practice aspects of fertility and ART healthcare. The book features the diverse contributions of multidisciplinary researchers, scholars, and clinicians from eight countries who explore contemporary health care perspectives regarding individuals and families dealing with infertility and fertility challenges including such advanced technologies as in-vitro fertilization, intrauterine insemination, and oocyte preservation. The book addresses theoretical underpinnings of fertility and ART healthcare including new ways of conceptualizing research and theoretical concepts. Practical aspects involved with administering and treating the many women and men whose lives are affected by fertility challenges are illuminated. Complex policy concerns resulting from the rapid advances in fertility and ART are considered. The health care needs of those seeking fertility evaluation and treatment including access to care locally and globally are examined in depth. The book also includes discussions about novel approaches and emerging populations in fertility and ART healthcare that expand the scope of care. Thought-provoking case examples from contemporary care practices will help the reader to synthesize information. Key Features: Delivers thought provoking ART research and practice issues for health care clinicians, scholars, and scientists Synthesizes evolving theory, research, clinical practice, and public policy concerns Addresses complex considerations within the practice and delivery of fertility and ART services Written by international thought leaders and emerging scholars on the forefront of ART technologies and other issues Includes case study exemplars to stimulate critical thinking and transform discussion about modern fertility and ART care
| Author | : Annette Lawson |
| Publisher | : Yale University Press |
| Total Pages | : 364 |
| Release | : 1993-01-01 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 9780300065480 |
Teenage pregnancy is widely viewed as a significant social problem. This book argues that much of the problem stems from inaccurate perceptions of what the problem is. The problem, according to the text, is not teenagers who want sex too soon but a society that offers too little, too late.
