As amended through December 1, 2019. These rules apply to proceedings in United States courts. Article I – General Provisions Rule 101 – Scope; Definitions Rule 102 – Purpose Rule 103 – Rulings on Evidence Rule 104 – Preliminary Questions Rule 105 – Limiting Evidence That Is Not Admissible Against Other Parties or for Other Purposes Rule 106 – Remainder of or Related Writings or Recorded Statements Article II – Judicial Notice Rule 201 – Judicial Notice of Adjudicative Facts Article III – Presumptions in Civil Cases Rule 301 – Presumptions in Civil Cases Generally Rule 302 – Applying State Law to Presumptions in Civil Cases Article IV – Relevance and its Limits Rule 401 – Test for Relevant Evidence Rule 402 – General Admissibility of Relevant Evidence Rule 403 – Excluding Relevant Evidence for Prejudice, Confusion, Waste of Time, or Other Reasons Rule 404 – Character Evidence; Crimes or Other Acts Rule 405 – Methods of Proving Character Rule 406 – Habit; Routine Practice Rule 407 – Subsequent Remedial Measures Rule 408 – Compromise Offers and Negotiations Rule 409 – Offers to Pay Medical and Similar Expenses Rule 410 – Pleas, Plea Discussions, and Related Statements Rule 411 – Liability Insurance Rule 412 – Sex-Offense Cases: The Victim’s Sexual Behavior or Predisposition Rule 413 – Similar Crimes in Sexual-Assault Cases Rule 414 – Similar Crimes in Child Molestation Cases Rule 415 – Similar Acts in Civil Cases Involving Sexual Assault or Child Molestation Article V – Privileges Rule 501 – Privilege in General Rule 502 – Attorney-Client Privilege and Work Product; Limitations on Waiver Article VI – Witnesses Rule 601 – Competency to Testify in General Rule 602 – Need for Personal Knowledge Rule 603 – Oath or Affirmation to Testify Truthfully Rule 604 – Interpreter Rule 605 – Judge’s Competency as a Witness Rule 606 – Juror’s Competency as a Witness Rule 607 – Who May Impeach a Witness Rule 608 – A Witness’s Character for Truthfulness or Untruthfulness Rule 609 – Impeachment by Evidence of a Criminal Conviction Rule 610 – Religious Beliefs or Opinions Rule 611 – Mode and Order of Examining Witnesses and Presenting Evidence Rule 612 – Writing Used to Refresh a Witness’s Memory Rule 613 – Witness’s Prior Statement Rule 614 – Court’s Calling or Examining a Witness Rule 615 – Excluding Witnesses Article VII – Opinions and Expert Testimony Rule 701 – Opinion Testimony by Lay Witnesses Rule 702 – Testimony by Expert Witnesses Rule 703 – Bases of an Expert Rule 704 – Opinion on an Ultimate Issue Rule 705 – Disclosing the Facts or Data Underlying an Expert Rule 706 – Court-Appointed Expert Witnesses Article VIII – Hearsay Rule 801- Definitions That Apply to This Article; Exclusions from Hearsay Rule 802 – The Rule Against Hearsay Rule 803 – Exceptions to the Rule Against Hearsay Rule 804 – Hearsay Exceptions; Declarant Unavailable Rule 805 – Hearsay Within Hearsay Rule 806 – Attacking and Supporting the Declarant Rule 807 – Residual Exception Article IX – Authentication and Identification Rule 901 – Authenticating or Identifying Evidence Rule 902 – Evidence That Is Self-Authenticating Rule 903 – Subscribing Witness Article X – Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs Rule 1001 – Definitions That Apply to This Article Rule 1002 – Requirement of the Original Rule 1003 – Admissibility of Duplicates Rule 1004 – Admissibility of Other Evidence of Content Rule 1005 – Copies of Public Records to Prove Content Rule 1006 – Summaries to Prove Content Rule 1007 – Testimony or Statement of a Party to Prove Content Rule 1008 – Functions of the Court and Jury Article XI – Miscellaneous Rules Rule 1101 – Applicability of the Rules Rule 1102 – Amendments Rule 1103 – Title