Family Economic Insecurity In The United States
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| Author | : Elisabeth Sara Jacobs |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 606 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
This dissertation investigates family economic insecurity in the United States, with a particular focus on the risk of a large drop in income. I ask three central questions. First, how much economic insecurity does the American family face, and how has that insecurity changed over time? Second, what explains over-time shifts in economic risk? Third, how do families perceive and manage economic risk? I address the first two questions using the Panel Study on Income Dynamics, a nationally-representative dataset spanning from 1969 to 2004. I address the third question through the analysis of in-depth interviews with a sample of employees facing an elevated risk of job loss. I find that family economic insecurity is high, and has risen over the last three decades. Income volatility has increased for all income and education groups, but the risk of a negative economic shock has grown particularly steeply for college-educated households. Neither the increased in married women's labor force participation nor the increase in divorce can explain much of the secular trend in income volatility. Individuals at risk of a large income shock are optimistic about their ability to weather hard times, but simultaneously acknowledge that job loss has the potential to send their family into a financial tailspin. Many rely on education as a coping mechanism, framing a return to school as a way to create opportunity in the face of insecurity. Dual- earner families strive to create a balance between workers, with one pursuing employment with solid benefits and security in exchange for a low earnings ceiling and the other engaged in high-risk, high-reward employment. Economic shocks to prime-age working adults have the potential to reverberate up and down the generational ladder due to this group's role as a financial support for both adult children and aging parents. Policy implications are discussed.
| Author | : United States. Committee on Economic Security |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 42 |
| Release | : 1934 |
| Genre | : Social security |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Turnbull |
| Publisher | : U of Minnesota Press |
| Total Pages | : 169 |
| Release | : 1966 |
| Genre | : Economic security |
| ISBN | : 1452912327 |
USA. Social research into family financial aspects and family budget difficulties arising from loss of income as a result of premature death (statistical tables by age group, sex and marital status), old age (with reference to the question of old age benefits for older people), unemployment, affected occupational health, nonoccupational illhealth, etc. (Social security. Social protection). References.
| Author | : Robert D. Plotnick |
| Publisher | : Russell Sage Foundation |
| Total Pages | : 270 |
| Release | : 2011-01-04 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1610447212 |
The way Americans live and work has changed significantly since the creation of the Social Security Administration in 1935, but U.S. social welfare policy has failed to keep up with these changes. The model of the male breadwinner-led nuclear family has given way to diverse and often complex family structures, more women in the workplace, and nontraditional job arrangements. Old Assumptions, New Realities identifies the tensions between twentieth-century social policy and twenty-first-century realities for working Americans and offers promising new reforms for ensuring social and economic security. Old Assumptions, New Realities focuses on policy solutions for today's workers—particularly low-skilled workers and low-income families. Contributor Jacob Hacker makes strong and timely arguments for universal health insurance and universal 401(k) retirement accounts. Michael Stoll argues that job training and workforce development programs can mitigate the effects of declining wages caused by deindustrialization, technological changes, racial discrimination, and other forms of job displacement. Michael Sherraden maintains that wealth-building accounts for children—similar to state college savings plans—and universal and progressive savings accounts for workers can be invaluable strategies for all workers, including the poorest. Jody Heymann and Alison Earle underscore the potential for more extensive work-family policies to help the United States remain competitive in a globalized economy. Finally, Jodi Sandfort suggests that the United States can restructure the existing safety net via state-level reforms but only with a host of coordinated efforts, including better information to service providers, budget analyses, new funding sources, and oversight by intermediary service professionals. Old Assumptions, New Realities picks up where current policies leave off by examining what's not working, why, and how the safety net can be redesigned to work better. The book brings much-needed clarity to the process of creating viable policy solutions that benefit all working Americans. A West Coast Poverty Center Volume
| Author | : United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 152 |
| Release | : 1949 |
| Genre | : Families |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 619 |
| Release | : 2019-09-16 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0309483980 |
The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.
| Author | : Joel Blau |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 272 |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : Business relocation |
| ISBN | : |
Faith in the free market - the idea that, for instance, profit-seeking managed care companies will improve the health care delivery system - has become a basic tenet of public policy debate. But as Joel Blau demonstrates in this eye-opening book, so-called "free market" programmes have been a dismal failure, heightening inequality, lowering the median standard of living, and steadily eroding the quality of our social and political life. In Illusions of Prosperity, Blau launches a far-reaching assault on the idea that "the market" knows best. Blau writes that while the share of the national income held by the bottom four fifths of the population (the poor and broad middle class combined) has continued to decline, the top fifth gained 97 percent of the increase in total household income between 1979 and 1994. "Few experiments," Blau comments, "yield such clear outcomes. Although many had hoped to benefit from the new market economy, this affluent fifth is the only segment of the population that truly has."; Blau looks at recent reforms in NAFTA, education, job training, welfare, and much more, showing that the new social policies have made matters worse, because reforms that rely on the market can't compensate for the market's deficiencies. Instead, he calls for a stronger, more caring government to counter the debilitating effects of the market, and he urges the development of the broadest possible political alliances to ensure economic security. Sure to raise controversy, Illusions of Prosperity turns today's conventional wisdom inside out, making a profound case for the importance of a strong government in a world where markets do not have all the answers.
| Author | : Jonathan Morduch |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 248 |
| Release | : 2017-04-04 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0691172986 |
Drawing on the groundbreaking U.S. Financial Diaries project (http://www.usfinancialdiaries.org/), which follows the lives of 235 low- and middle-income families as they navigate through a year, the authors challenge popular assumptions about how Americans earn, spend, borrow, and save-- and they identify the true causes of distress and inequality for many working Americans.
| Author | : Heather Boushey |
| Publisher | : Harvard University Press |
| Total Pages | : 358 |
| Release | : 2016-04-19 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0674660161 |
Employers demand more of employees’ time while leaving the important things in life—health, family—for workers to take care of on their own time and dime. How can workers get ahead while making sure their families don’t fall behind? Heather Boushey shows in detail that economic efficiency and equity do not have to be enemies.
| Author | : Jacob S. Hacker |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 265 |
| Release | : 2019-02-04 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0190844159 |
On the eve of the financial crisis, Jacob S. Hacker wrote "the policy book of the year" (E.J. Dionne, Jr., Washington Post), demonstrating and explaining the hidden story of growing economic insecurity. In this fully revised and updated second edition, he brings his powerful exposé of "The Great Risk Shift" up to date with startling new evidence and compelling new ideas. Hacker shows that the safety net was unraveling long before the late-2000s, as more and more economic risk shifted from the broad shoulders of government and business onto the fragile backs of American families. Whether the problem is risky jobs brought on by corporate restructuring and the "gig economy" of contingent work, risky families created by the rising costs and instabilities of parenthood, risky retirement caused by the collapse of traditional guaranteed pensions, or risky health care fueled by skyrocketing costs and unstable coverage-Hacker shows what has changed and why, the ways in which ordinary Americans have been affected, and how we can fight back. Behind the risk shift, he contends, is the "Personal Responsibility Crusade" eagerly embraced by corporate leaders and conservative politicians who speak of an economic nirvana in which Americans are free to choose. But the result, Hacker reveals, has been very different: a harsh new world of economic insecurity in which far too many Americans are allowed to fall behind. Blending powerful human stories, big-picture analysis, and compelling ideas for reform, this remarkable volume has become a rallying point in the struggle for economic security in an increasingly uncertain world.
