Extrabudgetary Funds
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| Author | : A.M. Lavrov |
| Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
| Total Pages | : 308 |
| Release | : 2024-11-01 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1040286097 |
Rich with data available in no other source, this is the first comprehensive study of the allocation of state and public financial resources in the Russian Federation. Working with the Russian Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Taxes and Duties, and the Russian Statistical Agency, the authors have compiled a dynamic analysis of financial flows between the center and the units of the federation, including both budgetary redistribution and off-budget outlays (e.g., for social insurance and pensions). Among the problems documented in the analysis are the very high differentiation of the regions in terms of levels of development, public welfare, and self-sufficiency; inefficiencies in the taxation system and the prevalence of barter; and the non-transparency of money flows and their role in corruption.
| Author | : Richard Allen |
| Publisher | : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND |
| Total Pages | : 19 |
| Release | : 2010-06-11 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781455279470 |
This technical note1 addresses the following main questions: 1. What are the definition, classification, and typology of extrabudgetary funds (EBFs)? 2. Why do EBFs exist? 3. What are the problems created by EBFs? 4. What are the criteria for evaluating and reforming EBFs? and 5. What are the implications for analysis of fiscal policies and for public financial • management (PFM)?
| Author | : Mr.Jack Diamond |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 84 |
| Release | : 1999-07-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9781557757876 |
Traditionally, economics training in public finances has focused more on tax than public expenditure issues, and within expenditure, more on policy considerations than the more mundane matters of public expenditure management. For many years, the IMF's Public Expenditure Management Division has answered specific questions raised by fiscal economists on such missions. Based on this experience, these guidelines arose from the need to provide a general overview of the principles and practices observed in three key aspects of public expenditure management: budget preparation, budget execution, and cash planning. For each aspect of public expenditure management, the guidelines identify separately the differing practices in four groups of countries - the francophone systems, the Commonwealth systems, Latin America, and those in the transition economies. Edited by Barry H. Potter and Jack Diamond, this publication is intended for a general fiscal, or a general budget, advisor interested in the macroeconomic dimension of public expenditure management.
| Author | : Shaoguang Wang |
| Publisher | : M.E. Sharpe |
| Total Pages | : 300 |
| Release | : 2001 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780765607652 |
This study argues that the decentralization that has taken place in China since 1980 threatens to undermine the future of reform and perhaps even the state itself. The authors contend that reform has undermined state capacity in China, and that the state's fiscal revenues will continue to decline.
| Author | : Richard Miller Bird |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 488 |
| Release | : 1995-01-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780821331866 |
World Bank Discussion Paper No. 271. This study incorporates data from comparable surveys across five African countries--Ghana, Malawi, Mali, Senegal, and Tanzania--to analyze how small and micro enterprises have been positively and negatively affected by policy liberalization schemes. Some grow rapidly by adapting their products, while others stagnate because of import competition and increased self- employment. Comparisons were made between small firms, with 6 to 49 workers, and microenterprises, with fewer than 6. The study suggests a two-pronged strategy: (1) to facilitate widespread participation in microenterprises, broad measures are needed to lower the costs of entry, generate demand for their goods and services, raise the educational level and incomes of the poor, and encourage informal financial institutions; (2) to stimulate growth of potentially dynamic enterprises, well-targeted measures may be appropriate to lower the costs of entry, increase access to credit, and provide demand-driven business services. Also available in French (ISBN 0-8213-3907-0) Stock No. 13907.
| Author | : Jean C. Oi |
| Publisher | : Univ of California Press |
| Total Pages | : 276 |
| Release | : 1999-05-17 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 9780520922402 |
In this incisive analysis of one of the most spectacular economic breakthroughs in the Deng era, Jean C. Oi shows how and why Chinese rural-based industry has become the fastest growing economic sector not just in China but in the world. Oi argues that decollectivization and fiscal decentralization provided party officials of the localities—counties, townships, and villages—with the incentives to act as entrepreneurs and to promote rural industrialization in many areas of the Chinese countryside. As a result, the corporatism practiced by local officials has become effective enough to challenge the centrality of the national state. Dealing not only with the political setting of rural industrial development, Oi's original and strongly argued study also makes a broader contribution to conceptualizations of corporatism in political theory. Oi writes provocatively about property rights and principal-agent relationships and shows the complex financial incentives that underpin and strengthen the growth in local state corporatism and shape its evolution. This book will be essential for those interested in Chinese politics, comparative politics, and communist and post-communist systems.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 258 |
| Release | : 1997-01-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780821339763 |
This study updates the findings of a 1994 study on how the concepts of women in development and gender have evolved within the World Bank, and how Bank policies and lending reflect these concepts. Drawing from documentation including project documents, economic and sector work, and OED evaluations, this study analyzes the overall quality of lending in Fiscal 1994-95 for gender integration, compares it with that of complete projects, and reviews recent economic and sector work and country assistance strategies. The update calls for actions to ensure that gender concerns are addressed in ongoing work on social assessments, performance indicators, and guidance for implementation completion reports.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept. |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 594 |
| Release | : 2009-03-19 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 158906755X |
Detailed annual data for Fund member governments are supplied on revenue income by source (tax, lending, bonds, etc.), and expenditure by sector (defense, education, health, etc.) for all levels of government (national, state, local). Topics covered include deficit/surplus or total financing, revenues or grants, expenditures, lending minus repayments, domestic financing, foreign financing, domestic debt or total debt, and foreign debt. The Yearbook provides data on budgetary operations, extra-budgetary operations, social security, and consolidated financial operations of central governments. A section of the Government Finance Statistics Yearbook is devoted to a cross-country comparison of data.
| Author | : Egor Timurovich Gaĭdar |
| Publisher | : MIT Press |
| Total Pages | : 1066 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780262072199 |
This collection of essays discuss the economic policy problems that confront postcommunist countries. Most chapters focus on liberalization of the exchange rate and trade system, macroeconomic stabilization, and institutional reform.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 41 |
| Release | : 2011-06-28 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1455273511 |
This report provides an assessment of fiscal transparency practices in El Salvador. Many of the code standards are followed by the country. In addition, fiscal data dissemination and monthly updating will be improved with the recent incorporation of the Finance Ministry’s Fiscal Transparency Portal. Reports on the observance of standards and codes (ROSC) are undertaken on a voluntary basis. Rules and responsibilities are provided by the government to maintain the stability. Relations between government and the public and private sectors are discussed.
