This important volume presents a wealth of practical ideas for improving the art of reference librarianship. Reference Service Expertise provides pragmatic ways for librarians to aid patrons, consider reference collections and how they are employed, and assess various technologies in reference work. Dedicated to the idea that reference service is a benevolent desire to help the sometimes puzzled library user, this unique book describes numerous and varied means to that end and encourages reference librarians to become familiar with the multiple resources available in modern libraries. Reference Service Expertise pinpoints specific areas in which librarians can increase their knowledge in order to become more efficient. These strategies include using a systems approach in reference instruction for library professionals; guidelines for academic librarians to use for evaluating facilities, services, and staff as to how effectively they welcome users and validate their information needs; using team teaching to instruct users about library services; developing legal reference skills to support the constitutional right-to-know in a self-governing society; and helping non-science librarians to become science literate by reading popular science literature, watching science television programs, visiting science museums, and generally increasing their awareness of the problem of science illiteracy among the general population. A wide variety of resources available in today's reference libraries are discussed to help librarians become better informed about the options available to their patrons, including: ERIC and NTIS and the information gap between the two databases resources on the evolving market economy or investments in the Commonwealth of Independent States fee-based services PsycLIT (CD-ROM), PsycINFO (online), and the difference in retrieval patterns using the same vocabulary of terms interactive media centers--advantages and shortcomings Reference librarians in all types of libraries will benefit from chapters that describe specific methods for improving their own personal effectiveness as well as chapters that evaluate specific services and reference tools available for reference library users.