Evaluating Alternative Policy Responses To Higher World Food Prices
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Author | : David Coady, Paul Dorosh, and Bart Minten |
Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
Total Pages | : 32 |
Release | : 2009 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : |
Higher world food prices have led many developing countries to adopt policies to mitigate the impact on low-income households. This article sets out a partial equilibrium framework to evaluate the efficiency, distributional, and revenue implications of alternative policy responses. The model is applied to evaluate tariff reductions and targeted transfers in Madagascar. Although lowering tariffs generates substantial efficiency gains, these accrue mainly to the top half of the welfare distribution, and poor net sellers are actually worse off. Developing a system of targeted direct transfers to poor households is likely to be a substantially more cost-effective approach to poverty alleviation.
Author | : Matthias Kalkuhl |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 620 |
Release | : 2016-04-12 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 3319282018 |
This book provides fresh insights into concepts, methods and new research findings on the causes of excessive food price volatility. It also discusses the implications for food security and policy responses to mitigate excessive volatility. The approaches applied by the contributors range from on-the-ground surveys, to panel econometrics and innovative high-frequency time series analysis as well as computational economics methods. It offers policy analysts and decision-makers guidance on dealing with extreme volatility.
Author | : Alejandro Nin Pratt and Bingxin Yu |
Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
Total Pages | : 72 |
Release | : |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Bryce Cooke |
Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
Total Pages | : 44 |
Release | : |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : |
From 2006 to mid-2008 the international prices of agricultural commodities increased considerably, by a factor larger than two. This upward trend in agricultural prices captured the world's attention as a new food crisis was emerging. Several explanations for these movements in prices, ranging from demand-driven forces to supply shocks, have been provided by analysts, researchers, and development institutions. This paper is an attempt to empirically validate these explanations using time series econometrics and data at monthly frequency. We focus on the international price of corn, wheat, rice, and soybeans. First, we identify variables associated with the factors mentioned as causing the increase in these agricultural commodities prices. Second, we use time series analysis to try to quantitatively validate those explanations. The empirical work presented here includes first difference models and rolling Granger causality tests. Overall, our empirical analysis mainly provides evidence that financial activity in futures markets and proxies for speculation can help explain the observed change in food prices; any other explanation is not well supported by our time series analysis.
Author | : Dorosh, Paul A. |
Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
Total Pages | : 30 |
Release | : 2018-11-15 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : |
Increases in cereal prices can have adverse effects on poor net food buyers. This is a particular problem in Ethiopia because of frequent natural calamities – especially droughts – that lead to significant price hikes. Conversely, falling domestic prices of some cereals (especially maize), typically at harvest time, can be detrimental to producers who are net sellers. Price stabilization efforts are therefore an important consideration for Ethiopian policy makers. This paper sheds light on options for cereal price stabilization in Ethiopia drawing on experiences of other developing countries. The international experience in food price stabilization shows that while some countries have achieved success, the efforts of many others have actually destabilized market prices at great fiscal cost. We assess the extent to which price stabilization efforts in Ethiopia were effective during the major El Niño induced drought of 2015/16 and find that opportunities were missed to enhance food security and consumer welfare through permitting private sector imports in order to curtail the rise in cereal prices and to reduce fiscal costs for the government and donors.
Author | : Todd Benson, Nicholas Minot, John Pender, Miguel Robles, Joachim von Braun |
Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
Total Pages | : 52 |
Release | : 2008 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 0896295338 |
Strong upward trends and increased variability in global food prices over the past two years have led to concern that hunger and poverty will increase across the world.
Author | : Mr.Benedict J. Clements |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 721 |
Release | : 2015-09-21 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1513509993 |
The sizeable increase in income inequality experienced in advanced economies and many parts of the world since the 1990s and the severe consequences of the global economic and financial crisis have brought distributional issues to the top of the policy agenda. The challenge for many governments is to address concerns over rising inequality while simultaneously promoting economic efficiency and more robust economic growth. The book delves into this discussion by analyzing fiscal policy and its link with inequality. Fiscal policy is the government’s most powerful tool for addressing inequality. It affects households ‘consumption directly (through taxes and transfers) and indirectly (via incentives for work and production and the provision of public goods and individual services such as education and health). An important message of the book is that growth and equity are not necessarily at odds; with the appropriate mix of policy instruments and careful policy design, countries can in many cases achieve better distributional outcomes and improve economic efficiency. Country studies (on the Netherlands, China, India, Republic of Congo, and Brazil) demonstrate the diversity of challenges across countries and their differing capacity to use fiscal policy for redistribution. The analysis presented in the book builds on and extends work done at the IMF, and also includes contributions from leading academics.
Author | : Xinshen Diao |
Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
Total Pages | : 84 |
Release | : 2013-02-12 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : |
It is widely agreed that reducing poverty in Africa south of the Sahara (SSA) depends largely on stimulating growth in agriculture. To this end, heads of state in Africa rallied to form the pan-African Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) with the goal of raising investments and improving strategy implementation. However, while implementing an agricultural agenda under the CAADP framework, more and more countries have realized that increasing public investment in agriculture alone is not enough. Policy can play an important role not only to make public investment more efficient, but also is crucial for incentivizing private sector and farmer investment in agriculture. Against this backdrop this paper takes stock of current agricultural policies in SSA with a view to identifying policies that are working as well as areas for improvement. The paper examines policies to encourage the adoption of agricultural inputs, initiate greater private-sector investment in agriculture and agro-industries, and manage price volatility while encouraging openness. The paper further reviews successful land tenure policies and property rights systems, reviews the evidence on the synergies between agriculture and nutrition, and examines how CAADP is laying the institutional architecture for improved policy formulation in Africa. In general, the paper finds that although substantial progress has been made, there is considerable scope for improvement. This is not surprising given the relatively primitive and deeply rooted nature of smallholder farming in Africa. Evidence synthesized in the paper supports the view that most policies cannot be implemented in isolation. Rather, policies tend to be most effective when implemented along with complementary policies and public investments.
Author | : Xiaobo Zhang |
Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
Total Pages | : 28 |
Release | : 2008 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Centre for Economic Policy Research |
Publisher | : CEPR |
Total Pages | : 350 |
Release | : 2010-11-15 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1907142134 |
The impact of price developments on world food markets on poor households in developing countries is an important policy question. Who gains and who loses from agricultural commodity price changes depends on the specific circumstances of households, and, at the level of nations, on the structure of production and trade. The contributions to this volume review trends in international prices and trade patterns of key food commodities, and assess the incidence of food price changes in a number of developing countries using household level data on sources of incomes and consumption patterns.