Discriminación étnico-racial y xenofobia en América Latina y el Caribe

Discriminación étnico-racial y xenofobia en América Latina y el Caribe
Author: Martín Hopenhayn
Publisher:
Total Pages: 68
Release: 2001
Genre: Caribbean Area
ISBN: 9789213218495

La importancia de categorías y conceptos como raza y etnicidad reside en que a través de la historia y hasta nuestros días, rasgos físicos y biológicos como el color de piel, el grupo de sangre o, de otro lado, la cultura a la cual se pertenece, son causa de desigualdad, discriminación y dominación de un grupo que se auto define como superior o con mejores y más legítimos derechos que aquellos a los que se desvaloriza y excluye. Junto con género y clase, raza y etnicidad general verdaderos sistemas y mecanismos culturales, sociales e incluso institucionales de dominación a través de los cuales se impide el acceso equitativo de grandes grupos humanos a los frutos del desarrollo económico.

Inclusive States

Inclusive States
Author: Anis A. Dani
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 470
Release: 2008-04-29
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0821370006

The heterogeneity of social structures and cultural identities in many developing countries, together with traditional hierarchies, rivalries, and deep-seated biases, has perpetuated inequities. Inclusive States: Social Policy and Structural Inequalities examines the role of the state and society in addressing structural inequalities and identifies a set of policy recommendations to redress them. This book defines structural inequality as a condition arising from unequal status attributed to a category of people in relation to others, a relationship perpetuated and reinforced by unequal relations in roles, functions, decision rights, and opportunities. Inclusive states are those that direct policies to address the needs of all, that respect the rights of citizens to exercise voice and influence on which services are provided and how they are delivered, and that have an interest in strengthening the social contract with their citizens. A central focus of policy remains a concern for equity, both to level the playing field to encourage social mobility and to ensure equity in the distributional effects of policy reforms and development interventions. This book highlights two key challenges for social policy. First, policy design needs to take into account the weaknesses of basic state functions in many developing countries, since these have important ramifications for social policy outcomes. Second, in most developing countries social structures marked by historically rooted structural inequalities pose significant challenges to the provision of services and require a long-term commitment to address underlying questions and problems. This book describes some of the challenges found in different contexts and some of the ways in which these challenges can be and are being addressed. This book is part of a new series, New Frontiers in Social Policy, which examines issues and approaches to extend the boundaries of social policy beyond conventional social services toward policies and institutions that improve equality of opportunity and social justice in developing countries. Other forthcoming titles in the series include Assets, Livelihoods, and Social Policy, and Institutional Pathways to Equity: Addressing Inequality Traps.

Handbook of Indigenous Peoples' Rights

Handbook of Indigenous Peoples' Rights
Author: Damien Short
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 673
Release: 2016-02-05
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1136313850

This handbook will be a comprehensive interdisciplinary overview of indigenous peoples’ rights. Chapters by experts in the field will examine legal, philosophical, sociological and political issues, addressing a wide range of themes at the heart of debates on the rights of indigenous peoples. The book will address not only the major questions, such as ‘who are indigenous peoples? What is distinctive about their rights? How are their rights constructed and protected? What is the relationship between national indigenous rights regimes and international norms? but also themes such as culture, identity, genocide, globalization and development, rights institutionalization and the environment.

The Oxford Handbook of Constitutional Law in Latin America

The Oxford Handbook of Constitutional Law in Latin America
Author: Conrado Hübner Mendes
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 970
Release: 2022
Genre: Law
ISBN: 0198786905

Constitutional law in Latin America embodies a mosaic of national histories, political experiments, and institutional transitions. No matter how distinctive these histories and transitions might be, there are still commonalities that transcend the mere geographical contiguity of these countries. This Handbook depicts the constitutional landscape of Latin America by shedding light on its most important differences and affinities, qualities and drawbacks, and by assessing its overall standing in the global enterprise of democratic constitutionalism. It engages with substantive and methodological conundrums of comparative constitutional law in the region, drawing meaningful comparisons between constitutional traditions. The volume is divided into two main parts. Part I focuses on exploring the constitutions for seventeen jurisdictions, offering a comprehensive country-by-country critique of the historical foundations, institutional architecture, and rights-based substantive identity of each constitution. Part II presents comparative analyses on the most controversial constitutional topics of the region, exploring central concepts in institutions and rights. The Oxford Handbook of Constitutional Law in Latin America is an essential resource for scholars and students of comparative constitutional law, and Latin American politics and history Written by leading experts, it comprehensively examines constitutions, controversies, institutions, and constitutional rights in Latin America.

Social Inclusion and Economic Development in Latin America

Social Inclusion and Economic Development in Latin America
Author: Mayra Buvinić
Publisher: IDB
Total Pages: 361
Release: 2004
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1931003653

Poverty and inequality in Latin America are easily recognizable in the faces of women, Afro-descendents, the indigenous, people with disabilities, victims of HIV/AIDS, and other groups outside the societal mainstream. Social Inclusion and Economic Development in Latin America reviews the common features of these excluded populations, including their invisibility in official statistics and the stigma, discrimination, and disadvantages they have long endured. But it also examines the region's inclusionary policies and programs that can improve access by these groups to the quality social services and economic and political resources these groups need to level the playing field. Case studies examine ethnic and racial political organization, gender quotas, and labor markets across the region, and social exclusion in Brazil, Honduras, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru. Comparative studies summarize social inclusion policies of both the European Union and selected countries on the Continent.

A Sense of Justice

A Sense of Justice
Author: Sandra Brunnegger
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Total Pages: 241
Release: 2016-06-15
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0804799113

Throughout Latin America, the idea of "justice" serves as the ultimate goal and rationale for a wide variety of actions and causes. In the Chilean Atacama Desert, residents have undertaken a prolonged struggle for their right to groundwater. Family members of bombing victims in Buenos Aires demand that the state provide justice for the attack. In Colombia, some victims of political violence have turned to the courts for resolution, while others reject the state's ability to fairly adjudicate their grievances and have constructed a non-state tribunal. In each of these examples, the protagonists seek one main thing: justice. A Sense of Justice ethnographically explores the complex dynamics of justice production across Latin America. The chapters examine (in)justice as it is lived and imagined today and what it means for those who claim and regulate its parameters, including the Brazilian police force, the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal in Colombia, and the Argentine Supreme Court. Inextricable as "justice" is from inequality, violence, crime, and corruption, it emerges through memory, in space, and where ideals meet practical limitations. Ultimately, the authors show how understanding the dynamic processes of constructing justice is essential to creating cooperative rather than oppressive forms of law.

Time for Equality at Work

Time for Equality at Work
Author:
Publisher: International Labour Organization
Total Pages: 102
Release: 2003
Genre: Discrimination in employment
ISBN: 9221128717

This is the fourth global report under the follow-up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. It examines diverse forms of discrimination at work and considers various policy and practical responses to tackle this problem. The book finds that the benefits of eliminating discrimination in the workplace go beyond the individual level and extend to the economy and to society, leading to the efficient use of human resources and diverse talents, improved worker morale and motivation, better labour relations and productivity gains.