Estimation Of Odds Ratio In 2 X 2 Contingency Tables With Small Cell Counts
Download Estimation Of Odds Ratio In 2 X 2 Contingency Tables With Small Cell Counts full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online free Estimation Of Odds Ratio In 2 X 2 Contingency Tables With Small Cell Counts ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
| Author | : Guohao Zhu |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2021 |
| Genre | : Contingency tables |
| ISBN | : |
This study is focusing on properties of estimators of odds ratio or its logarithm in case of 2x2 tables with small counts. The odds ratio represents the odds that an outcome of interest will occur given a particular exposure, compared to the odds of the outcome occurring in the absence of that exposure. Both parameters are often used to quantify the strength of association of two binary variables and are common measurements reported in case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies. Because of their wide applicability, both parameters, odds ratio, and its logarithm, have been intensively studied in the literature. However, most of their desirable properties are based on the asymptotic normality of the estimators which are not necessarily true in case of small sample sizes. In addition, contingency tables with small counts often contain cells with counts that equal zero which makes maximum likelihood estimators of odds ratio and its logarithm undefined. While in many research areas it is possible to collect data of the size needed, there are areas, such as health related multi-center research, where sample size cannot be increased. We are studying performance of estimators of odds ratio, and its logarithm, for independent 2x2 tables with small counts. Among other applications, our conclusions could also serve as recommendations for comparison of odds ratios in multiple 2x2 tables--a step necessary before performing meta-analysis.
| Author | : Tamás Rudas |
| Publisher | : SAGE |
| Total Pages | : 92 |
| Release | : 1998 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 9780761903628 |
In this volume the author shows how odds ratios can be used as a framework for understanding log-linear models. The book moves from paradigmatic 2x2 case to more complicated cases. The author also carefully defines the odds ratio.
| Author | : Marit L. Bovbjerg |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 176 |
| Release | : 2020-10 |
| Genre | : Health & Fitness |
| ISBN | : 9781955101035 |
Foundations of Epidemiology is an open access, introductory epidemiology text intended for students and practitioners in public or allied health fields. It covers epidemiologic thinking, causality, incidence and prevalence, public health surveillance, epidemiologic study designs and why we care about which one is used, measures of association, random error and bias, confounding and effect modification, and screening. Concepts are illustrated with numerous examples drawn from contemporary and historical public health issues.
| Author | : Alan Agresti |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 400 |
| Release | : 2018-10-11 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 1119405270 |
A valuable new edition of a standard reference The use of statistical methods for categorical data has increased dramatically, particularly for applications in the biomedical and social sciences. An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis, Third Edition summarizes these methods and shows readers how to use them using software. Readers will find a unified generalized linear models approach that connects logistic regression and loglinear models for discrete data with normal regression for continuous data. Adding to the value in the new edition is: • Illustrations of the use of R software to perform all the analyses in the book • A new chapter on alternative methods for categorical data, including smoothing and regularization methods (such as the lasso), classification methods such as linear discriminant analysis and classification trees, and cluster analysis • New sections in many chapters introducing the Bayesian approach for the methods of that chapter • More than 70 analyses of data sets to illustrate application of the methods, and about 200 exercises, many containing other data sets • An appendix showing how to use SAS, Stata, and SPSS, and an appendix with short solutions to most odd-numbered exercises Written in an applied, nontechnical style, this book illustrates the methods using a wide variety of real data, including medical clinical trials, environmental questions, drug use by teenagers, horseshoe crab mating, basketball shooting, correlates of happiness, and much more. An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis, Third Edition is an invaluable tool for statisticians and biostatisticians as well as methodologists in the social and behavioral sciences, medicine and public health, marketing, education, and the biological and agricultural sciences.
| Author | : Adelin Albert |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 332 |
| Release | : 1987-01-09 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 9780824777357 |
This first of its kind guide describes statistical methods for the effective and efficient analysis of multivariate laboratory data, providing coverage which goes well beyond the standard single-sample diagnostic tools that regularly appear in medical literature.
| Author | : Nicholas P. Jewell |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 376 |
| Release | : 2003-08-26 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0203496868 |
Statistical ideas have been integral to the development of epidemiology and continue to provide the tools needed to interpret epidemiological studies. Although epidemiologists do not need a highly mathematical background in statistical theory to conduct and interpret such studies, they do need more than an encyclopedia of "recipes." Statistics for Epidemiology achieves just the right balance between the two approaches, building an intuitive understanding of the methods most important to practitioners and the skills to use them effectively. It develops the techniques for analyzing simple risk factors and disease data, with step-by-step extensions that include the use of binary regression. It covers the logistic regression model in detail and contrasts it with the Cox model for time-to-incidence data. The author uses a few simple case studies to guide readers from elementary analyses to more complex regression modeling. Following these examples through several chapters makes it easy to compare the interpretations that emerge from varying approaches. Written by one of the top biostatisticians in the field, Statistics for Epidemiology stands apart in its focus on interpretation and in the depth of understanding it provides. It lays the groundwork that all public health professionals, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians need to successfully design, conduct, and analyze epidemiological studies.
| Author | : A J. Lee |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 324 |
| Release | : 2019-03-13 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 1351405853 |
In 1946 Paul Halmos studied unbiased estimators of minimum variance, and planted the seed from which the subject matter of the present monograph sprang. The author has undertaken to provide experts and advanced students with a review of the present status of the evolved theory of U-statistics, including applications to indicate the range and scope of U-statistic methods. Complete with over 200 end-of-chapter references, this is an invaluable addition to the libraries of applied and theoretical statisticians and mathematicians.
| Author | : Jeff Sauro |
| Publisher | : Morgan Kaufmann |
| Total Pages | : 374 |
| Release | : 2016-07-12 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 0128025484 |
Quantifying the User Experience: Practical Statistics for User Research, Second Edition, provides practitioners and researchers with the information they need to confidently quantify, qualify, and justify their data. The book presents a practical guide on how to use statistics to solve common quantitative problems that arise in user research. It addresses questions users face every day, including, Is the current product more usable than our competition? Can we be sure at least 70% of users can complete the task on their first attempt? How long will it take users to purchase products on the website? This book provides a foundation for statistical theories and the best practices needed to apply them. The authors draw on decades of statistical literature from human factors, industrial engineering, and psychology, as well as their own published research, providing both concrete solutions (Excel formulas and links to their own web-calculators), along with an engaging discussion on the statistical reasons why tests work and how to effectively communicate results. Throughout this new edition, users will find updates on standardized usability questionnaires, a new chapter on general linear modeling (correlation, regression, and analysis of variance), with updated examples and case studies throughout. Completely updated to provide practical guidance on solving usability testing problems with statistics for any project, including those using Six Sigma practices Includes new and revised information on standardized usability questionnaires Includes a completely new chapter introducing correlation, regression, and analysis of variance Shows practitioners which test to use, why they work, and best practices for application, along with easy-to-use Excel formulas and web-calculators for analyzing data Recommends ways for researchers and practitioners to communicate results to stakeholders in plain English
| Author | : Daniel Navarro |
| Publisher | : Lulu.com |
| Total Pages | : 617 |
| Release | : 2013-01-13 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 1326189727 |
"Learning Statistics with R" covers the contents of an introductory statistics class, as typically taught to undergraduate psychology students, focusing on the use of the R statistical software and adopting a light, conversational style throughout. The book discusses how to get started in R, and gives an introduction to data manipulation and writing scripts. From a statistical perspective, the book discusses descriptive statistics and graphing first, followed by chapters on probability theory, sampling and estimation, and null hypothesis testing. After introducing the theory, the book covers the analysis of contingency tables, t-tests, ANOVAs and regression. Bayesian statistics are covered at the end of the book. For more information (and the opportunity to check the book out before you buy!) visit http://ua.edu.au/ccs/teaching/lsr or http://learningstatisticswithr.com
| Author | : I.B. MacNeill |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 297 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 9400947941 |
On May 27-31, 1985, a series of symposia was held at The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, to celebrate the 70th birthday of Pro fessor V. M. Joshi. These symposia were chosen to reflect Professor Joshi's research interests as well as areas of expertise in statistical science among faculty in the Departments ofStatistical and Actuarial Sciences, Economics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Philosophy. From these symposia, the six volumes which comprise the "Joshi Festschrift" have arisen. The 117 articles in this work reflect the broad interests and high quality of research of those who attended our conference. We would like to thank all of the contributors for their superb cooperation in helping us to complete this project. Our deepest gratitude must go to the three people who have spent so much of their time in the past year typing these volumes: Jackie Bell, Lise Constant, and Sandy Tarnowski. This work has been printed from "camera ready" copy produced by our Vax 785 computer and QMS Lasergraphix printers, using the text processing software TEX. At the initiation of this project, we were neophytes inthe use ofthis system. Thank you, Jackie, Lise, and Sandy, for having the persistence and dedication needed to complete this undertaking.
