Essays On The Measurement Reporting And Classification Of Hate Crime In The United States
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Author | : Eaven Holder |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2023 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
analyzed NCVS data from victims of biased-motivated crimes to identify factors influencing officers decisions to classify a crime as a hate crime. Overall, officers tended to be legalistic and organizationally bound in their approach to classifying hate crimes, with victim reporting and available evidence being the most robust predictors of successful classification of hate crimes. This dissertation provides a nuanced picture of hate crime in the United States while also pointing to various sources of its mismeasurement. The final chapter explores implications for future research, policies, and practices for advancing and developing reliable and accurate hate crime statistics in the US. I particularly emphasize identifying critical junctures in successful hate crime reporting as well as other non-carceral solutions.
Author | : Frank S. Pezzella |
Publisher | : Springer Nature |
Total Pages | : 133 |
Release | : 2020-10-23 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 303051577X |
Using data from the Uniform Crime Reporting Hate Crime Statistics Program and the National Crime Victimization Survey, this brief highlights the uniqueness of hate or bias crime victimization. It compares these to non-bias crimes and delineates the situational circumstances that distinguish bias from non-bias offending. The nuances of under-reporting shed light on bias-group and victim reasons for not reporting. By examining measurement issues associated with data collection systems, this brief helps explain why eighty-nine percent of participating law enforcement agencies report zero hate crimes each year. It describes patterns and trends in reporting the volume of general bias motivations and specific bias types, as the most prevalent hate crime offense types and most likely victims and offenders. With recommendations to address issues in measurement and under-reporting, including an action plan by the Enhance the Response to Hate Crimes Advisory Committee and the International Association of Chiefs of Police, a best practice model by the Oak Creek Police Department, and other promising law enforcement reporting models, this brief provides an increasingly critical resource for law enforcement practitioners and researchers dealing with hate crimes.
Author | : Heather Zaykowski |
Publisher | : ProQuest |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2008 |
Genre | : Hate crimes |
ISBN | : 9780549753599 |
Significant variation among the legal and scholarly definitions of hate crimes impact how these crimes are measured. Although scholars tend to use the Uniform Crime Reports to understand the scope of hate crime in the United States, these data suffer from limitations due to this lack of conformity as well as the future of local agencies to submit hate crime statistics. Furthermore, a crime has to be reported to police to be counted in the UCR data. Using the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) 1992-2005, this paper examines the factors related to police reporting behavior by violent hate crime through analyzing the demographic (gender, race, education, age, urban location) and the contextual characteristics of the incident (victim-offender relationship, severity: injury to victim, weapon used, multiple offenders). Particular attention was given to racial hate crimes to investigate differences within hate crime victimization categories. Understanding the mechanisms of police reporting behavior is important because the failure of victims to contact authorities undermines the ability of the criminal justice system to appropriately punish hate crime offenders and effectively deter future incidents. Supporting previous studies on victimization reporting, severity of the incident, gender and offenders unknown to the victim significantly and substantially increased reporting likelihood. Most interestingly, race did not dramatically impact reporting behavior for total hate crime, but had a significant and substantial effect on racial hate crime. Victimizations of Whites were more than 50 percent more likely to be reported than Non-White victimizations for racial hate crime.
Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 583 |
Release | : 2017-04-27 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0309452961 |
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author | : Nathaniel Persily |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 365 |
Release | : 2020-09-03 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1108835554 |
A state-of-the-art account of what we know and do not know about the effects of digital technology on democracy.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 786 |
Release | : 1993 |
Genre | : Crime |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Ramona R. Rantala |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 16 |
Release | : 2000 |
Genre | : Crime analysis |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Amanda Haynes |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 212 |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781911620051 |
Author | : Mark S. Hamm |
Publisher | : DIANE Publishing |
Total Pages | : 258 |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 1437929591 |
This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Examines terrorists¿ involvement in a variety of crimes ranging from motor vehicle violations, immigration fraud, and mfg. illegal firearms to counterfeiting, armed bank robbery, and smuggling weapons of mass destruction. There are 3 parts: (1) Compares the criminality of internat. jihad groups with domestic right-wing groups. (2) Six case studies of crimes includes trial transcripts, official reports, previous scholarship, and interviews with law enforce. officials and former terrorists are used to explore skills that made crimes possible; or events and lack of skill that the prevented crimes. Includes brief bio. of the terrorists along with descriptions of their org., strategies, and plots. (3) Analysis of the themes in closing arguments of the transcripts in Part 2. Illus.
Author | : United States. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 368 |
Release | : 1967 |
Genre | : Crime |
ISBN | : |
This report of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice -- established by President Lyndon Johnson on July 23, 1965 -- addresses the causes of crime and delinquency and recommends how to prevent crime and delinquency and improve law enforcement and the administration of criminal justice. In developing its findings and recommendations, the Commission held three national conferences, conducted five national surveys, held hundreds of meetings, and interviewed tens of thousands of individuals. Separate chapters of this report discuss crime in America, juvenile delinquency, the police, the courts, corrections, organized crime, narcotics and drug abuse, drunkenness offenses, gun control, science and technology, and research as an instrument for reform. Significant data were generated by the Commission's National Survey of Criminal Victims, the first of its kind conducted on such a scope. The survey found that not only do Americans experience far more crime than they report to the police, but they talk about crime and the reports of crime engender such fear among citizens that the basic quality of life of many Americans has eroded. The core conclusion of the Commission, however, is that a significant reduction in crime can be achieved if the Commission's recommendations (some 200) are implemented. The recommendations call for a cooperative attack on crime by the Federal Government, the States, the counties, the cities, civic organizations, religious institutions, business groups, and individual citizens. They propose basic changes in the operations of police, schools, prosecutors, employment agencies, defenders, social workers, prisons, housing authorities, and probation and parole officers.