Two Essays on Corporate Liquidity Management

Two Essays on Corporate Liquidity Management
Author: Chang Liu (Writer on finance)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 115
Release: 2018
Genre: Corporations
ISBN:

My dissertation contains two essays regarding corporate liquidity management. In the first essay, we find that personal connections between borrowers and lenders have a significant impact on the choice of corporate liquidity. Connected firms tend to obtain larger credit lines and hold less cash. Closer personal ties result in easier access to credit lines during economic shocks, such as financial crisis and negative news of credit quality. In addition, connections help firms with tighter financial constraints or higher risk obtain larger amount of credit lines. Connections also increase the amount of credit lines of borrowers with less public debt. Overall, our findings suggest that reduced asymmetric information between borrowers and lenders can improve corporate liquidity management. In the second essay, we study the relationship between corporate liquidity choice and market value by using the market-to-book decomposition of Rhodes-Kropf, Robinson, and Viswanathan (2005). We find that sector overvaluation or long-run growth usually increase the portion of cash in the total corporate liquidity. The effect is stronger in firms with larger growth opportunities, better corporate governance, or longer investor horizons. Moreover, the choice between cash and credit lines for firms without credit ratings are more sensitive to the sector overvaluation or long-run growth. In addition, we find sector error and long-run growth have stronger effects on corporate liquidity in the long horizons.

Three Essays on Liquidity Shocks and Their Implication for Asset Pricing and Valuation Models

Three Essays on Liquidity Shocks and Their Implication for Asset Pricing and Valuation Models
Author: Nardos M. Beyene
Publisher:
Total Pages: 72
Release: 2019
Genre: Capital assets pricing model
ISBN:

The main objective of my three essays is to incorporate liquidity shocks and the linkages between the liquidity condition of financial markets into asset pricing and valuation models. The first essay focuses on the liquidity adjusted capital asset pricing model, while the second and the third essays examine the popular asset valuation model called the Fed model. The first essay investigates the pricing of the commonality risk in the U.S. stock market by using a more comprehensive market illiquidity measure that can reflect the liquidity condition of different asset markets. This measure is given by the yield difference between commercial paper and treasury bill. In addition, consistent with the definition of commonality risk, I form portfolios based on the sensitivity of each stock's illiquidity to the market-wide illiquidity. Using monthly data from January 1997 to December 2016 and the conditional version of the Liquidity-adjusted Capital Asset Pricing Model (LCAPM) estimated by the Dynamic Conditional Correlation approach, I find a significant commonality risk premium of 0.022% and 0.014% per year for 12-month and 24-month holding periods, respectively. This premium estimate is significantly higher than those found using the market illiquidity measure and estimation procedures from previous studies. These findings provide evidence that a security's easiness in terms of tradability at times of liquidity dry up is extremely important. It is also higher than the excess return associated with other forms of liquidity risk. In addition, the paper finds a variation in the estimated commonality risk premium over time, with values being higher during periods of market turmoil. Moreover, estimating the LCAPM with the yield difference between commercial paper and treasury bill as a measure of market illiquidity performs better in predicting returns for the low commonality risk portfolios. The second essay examines the inflation illusion hypothesis in explaining the high correlation between government bond yield and stock yield as implied by the Fed model. According to the inflation illusion hypothesis, there is mis-pricing in the stock market due to the failure of investors to adjust their cash flow expectation to inflation. This led to a co-movement in stock yield and government bond yield. I use the Gordon Growth model to determine the mis-pricing component in the stock market. In the next step, the correlation between bond yield and stock yield is estimated using the Asymmetric Generalized Dynamic Conditional Correlation (AG-DCC) model. Finally, I regress this correlation on mis-pricing and two other control variables, GDP and inflation. I use monthly data from January 1983 to December 2016. Consistent with the Fed model, the paper finds a significant positive correlation between the yield on government bonds and stock yield, with an average correlation of 0.942 - 0.997. However, in contrast to the inflation illusion hypothesis, mis-pricing in the stock market has an insignificant impact on this correlation. The third essay provides liquidity shocks contagion between the stock market and the corporate bond market as the driving force behind the high correlation between the yield on stocks and the yield on government bonds as implied by the Fed model. The idea is that when liquidity drops in the stock market, firms' credit risk rises because the deterioration in the liquidity of equities traded in the stock market increases the firms' default probability. Consequently, investors' preferences shift away from corporate bonds to government bonds. Higher demand for government bonds keeps their yield low, leading to a co-movement of government bond yield and stock yield. In order to test this liquidity-based explanation, the paper first examines the interdependence between liquidity in the stock and corporate bond markets using the Markov switching model, and a time series non-parametric technique called the Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM). In order to see the response of government bond yield and stock yield to liquidity shocks in the stock market, the study implements an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. Using monthly data from January 1997 to December 2016, the paper presents strong evidence of liquidity shocks transmission form the stock market to the corporate bond market. Furthermore, liquidity shocks in the stock market are found to have a significant impact on the stock yield. These findings support the illiquidity contagion explanation provided in this paper.

Business Analysis and Valuation

Business Analysis and Valuation
Author: Sue Joy Wright
Publisher:
Total Pages: 720
Release: 2014
Genre: Business enterprises
ISBN: 9780170261951

Business Analysis and Valuation has been developed specifically for students undertaking accounting Valuation subjects. With a significant number of case studies exploring various issues in this field, including a running chapter example, it offers a practical and in-depth approach. This second edition of the Palepu text has been revitalised with all new Australian content in parts 1-3, making this edition predominantly local, while still retaining a selection of the much admired and rigorous Harvard case studies in part 4. Retaining the same author team, this new edition presents the field of valuation accounting in the Australian context in a clear, logical and thorough manner.

The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report

The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report
Author: Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
Publisher: Cosimo, Inc.
Total Pages: 692
Release: 2011-05-01
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1616405414

The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report, published by the U.S. Government and the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in early 2011, is the official government report on the United States financial collapse and the review of major financial institutions that bankrupted and failed, or would have without help from the government. The commission and the report were implemented after Congress passed an act in 2009 to review and prevent fraudulent activity. The report details, among other things, the periods before, during, and after the crisis, what led up to it, and analyses of subprime mortgage lending, credit expansion and banking policies, the collapse of companies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the federal bailouts of Lehman and AIG. It also discusses the aftermath of the fallout and our current state. This report should be of interest to anyone concerned about the financial situation in the U.S. and around the world.THE FINANCIAL CRISIS INQUIRY COMMISSION is an independent, bi-partisan, government-appointed panel of 10 people that was created to "examine the causes, domestic and global, of the current financial and economic crisis in the United States." It was established as part of the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009. The commission consisted of private citizens with expertise in economics and finance, banking, housing, market regulation, and consumer protection. They examined and reported on "the collapse of major financial institutions that failed or would have failed if not for exceptional assistance from the government."News Dissector DANNY SCHECHTER is a journalist, blogger and filmmaker. He has been reporting on economic crises since the 1980's when he was with ABC News. His film In Debt We Trust warned of the economic meltdown in 2006. He has since written three books on the subject including Plunder: Investigating Our Economic Calamity (Cosimo Books, 2008), and The Crime Of Our Time: Why Wall Street Is Not Too Big to Jail (Disinfo Books, 2011), a companion to his latest film Plunder The Crime Of Our Time. He can be reached online at www.newsdissector.com.