This dissertation is composed of three essays exploring the connection between income and violent crime in Mexico. The first essay investigates whether declining drug revenues motivated drug trafficking organizations to target Mexico's avocado sector rather than continue specializing in producing and distributing illicit drugs. I exploit exogenous variation in the demand for Mexican heroin arising from the introduction of Fentanyl-a heroin substitute-in the U.S. between 2011 and 2019. Using municipal-level data, I show that decreasing demand for heroin increased homicides and violent thefts in avocado-growing municipalities. Meanwhile, it resulted in declining violence in poppy-growing municipalities. Finally, I find no evidence of changes in drug cartel presence, suggesting that while cartels are not moving, they have become more violent toward civilians. In the second essay, I explore the relationship between economic shocks and crime by looking at the impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on violent crime in Mexico's avocado sector between 1990 and 2006. I use a difference-in-differences strategy and annual municipality-level information on murders and the presence of cartels to measure the impact of an increase in the demand for avocados on violent crime. The results suggest that the opening to the avocado trade decreased homicides by 34% in avocado-growing municipalities in Mexico. Finally, the third essay examines the effectiveness and spillovers of the Mexican government's strategy against fuel theft in 2019. With increased surveillance in fuel pipelines, less scrutinized petroleum derivatives, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), became an attractive alternative to exploit. I combine geospatial data on the presence of fuel and LPG infrastructure with longitudinal data on crime and cartel presence to estimate the effects of enforcement on local levels of violence. The results show that a government crackdown on fuel pipeline theft led to a shift in cartel activity and violence toward LPG pipelines. These essays provide further evidence on the relationship between crime and income and shed light on crime spillovers that need to be considered in crime reduction policies.