Essays on Household Finance

Essays on Household Finance
Author: Haiyue Dong
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023
Genre: Banks and banking
ISBN: 9789180398008

This doctoral dissertation consists of three self-contained essays covering different aspects of household finance.?The first paper, Bank Competition and Household Non-Housing Debt: Evidence from U.S. Bank Deregulation, examines the effect of bank deregulation in the U.S. on household non-housing debt. Using household level data from 1984 to 2000, I find that deregulation increases non-housing debt as well as the ratio of non-housing debt to income, with the effects mainly driven by households in the upper half of the income distribution and by auto loans. I show that deregulation has no impact on the leverage of households in the lower half of the income distribution; the increase in debt among these households is proportional to their increase in income following deregulation.?The second paper, Inequality and Household Mortgage Demand: Evidence from HMDA Application Data, uses aggregated mortgage applications at the county level compiled from Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data to examine the relationship between the change in household mortgage demand and the change in inequality between 1998 and 2017 in the United States. This paper's main finding is that mortgage demand is, in general, negatively associated with inequality. However, in areas with lower segregation, the association is smaller in scale; in fact, the sign is even overturned in certain specifications, indicating that exposure to rich households is important for inequality to induce mortgage demand.?The third paper, Retail Investor Attention and SPAC Characteristics and Returns, examines the link between retail attention and SPAC characteristics and returns using data from various sources, including posts on the online forum Reddit. The paper finds that retail investors pay more attention to SPACs with larger market capitalization, more monetary investment from sponsors, and industries that are the subject of intense discussion in the stock market. Through an event study of SPAC merger announcements, the paper finds that SPACs that attract more retail attention ahead of the merger announcement see a sharp decrease in abnormal returns after the announcement. In contrast, in the absence of such prior retail attention, such pattern in abnormal returns is not observed. In addition, retail sentiment can account for a substantial proportion of the cross-sectional cumulative abnormal returns.

Essays in Household Finance and Macroeconomics

Essays in Household Finance and Macroeconomics
Author: Franco Zeccchetto
Publisher:
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2017
Genre: Economics
ISBN:

In the first chapter, we analyze the removal of the credit-risk guarantees provided by the Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs) in a model with agents heterogeneous in income and house price risk. We find that wealth inequality increases, driven by higher mortgage spreads and housing rents. Housing holdings become more concentrated. Foreclosures fall. The removal benefits high-income households while hurting low and mid-income households (renters and highly leveraged mortgagors with conforming loans). GSE reform requires compensating transfers, sufficiently high elasticity of rental supply, or linking GSE reform with the elimination of the mortgage interest deduction.

Essays on Household Finance and Credit Markets

Essays on Household Finance and Credit Markets
Author: Albert Zevelev
Publisher:
Total Pages: 362
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:

The US housing boom was accompanied by a rise in mortgage leverage. The subsequent bust was accompanied by a rise in foreclosure. This paper introduces a dynamic general equilibrium model to study how leverage and foreclosure affect house prices. The model shows how foreclosure sales, through their effect on housing supply, amplify and propagate house price drops. A calibration to match the bust shows consumption and housing need to be sufficiently complementary to fit the data. Since leverage plays a key role in foreclosure, a regulator can reduce systemic risk by placing a cap on leverage. Counterfactual experiments show that in a world with less leverage, the same economic shock leads to less foreclosure and less severe, shorter busts in house prices. A 90% cap on loan-to-value ratios in 2006 predicts house prices would have fallen 12% rather than 18% as in the data. The regulator faces a trade-off in that less leverage means less housing for constrained households, but also fewer foreclosures and less severe busts in house prices. A regulator with reasonable preference parameters would choose a cap of 95%.

Essays on the Effect of Household Debt and Housing Wealth on the U.S. Economy

Essays on the Effect of Household Debt and Housing Wealth on the U.S. Economy
Author: Kyoungsoo Yoon
Publisher:
Total Pages: 91
Release: 2011
Genre:
ISBN:

Abstract: The two essays in my dissertation clarify the role of household debt and housing wealth in the U.S. economy because the effect of household debt and house prices on economic activity is conflicting based on existing empirical literature. In my first essay, Three Competing Effects of Expansion in Housing Finance on Consumption, I explicitly consider both debt service burden and wealth risk by adjusting income data with debt service and wealth data with its risk. Based on split-sample estimates of various consumption functions with different time horizons together with the data adjustment, I find that expansion in housing finance since the mid 1980s has three competing effects on consumption. First, housing finance expansion decreases the sensitivity of a household's consumption response to short-run and medium-run movements in income via a relaxed credit constraint. Second, an increase in the liquidity of housing wealth leads to a bigger response of consumption to changes in house prices. However, this increased housing wealth effect can be mitigated or magnified from the last competing effect of increased debt service, depending on the directions of movements in house prices and interest rates. Thus, the net effect of expanded housing finance on consumption depends on the relative magnitudes of the three competing effects in the face of movements in income, house prices, and interest rates. The second essay, The Role of Household Debt and Housing Wealth in the Recent Downturn of the U.S. Economy, uses state-level household debt and housing wealth data built from the Consumer Finance Monthly survey together with measures of economic activity at the state level during the business cycle of 2002-2009 in the U.S. to overcome limitations associated with national-level aggregate data. I find that increased household debt combined with large positive and negative fluctuations in housing wealth led to the recent severe downturn of the U.S. economy. While the increased debt service burden itself negatively affects consumption, households' attitudes toward debt surveyed as debt stress also seem to suppress economic activity such as consumption spending and residential investment.

Three Essays in Household Finance

Three Essays in Household Finance
Author: Ahmad-Reza Michael Sharifi
Publisher:
Total Pages: 107
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:

This dissertation examines the role of housing in the portfolio. The first chapter incorporates home price index futures into a household portfolio choice problem. The second chapter suggests and evaluates the predictive power of Microdata-based variables for forecasting home prices. The third chapter presents a theoretical model of mortgage default which emphasizes the service flow of owning a home.