Essays in Child Care Quality

Essays in Child Care Quality
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2007
Genre:
ISBN:

This research investigates three topics in child care quality, mother's labor supply, and early childhood development. In the first study, we evaluate how child care quality influences the potential impacts of mothers' labor supply on child development. Although, previous studies have acknowledged the importance of the quality of child care, none have integrated quality in analyzing the effects of maternal employment. We find that the negative effect often found in past studies is largely due to the use of low quality child care. The question we ask in the next study is, "What are the effects of child care quality on child development?" In this study we tried to separate out the contribution of initial child ability in child test scores of development from the effects of other inputs, particularly child care quality. We show that even after resolving endogeneity issues, we still find that child care quality has a significant positive effect on early cognitive development. The third study investigates the determinants of households' demand for child care, particularly, child care quality. We determine if households' choices regarding child care quality, as well as quantity, respond to economic factors. A family's condition is defined by the combination of family choices on mother's work status, mode and payment type of child care, and child's age. We group families by condition and estimate demand for child care quality and hours by group. The results indicate that higher income will lead to higher quality for non-working mothers but lower quality for some working mothers. Demand for quality by non-working mothers are more price sensitive than working mothers. Wage effects on quality are positive only for users of home-based care. Demand for quality is more sensitive to economic factors when the child is around 3 years old than at 6 months. These results suggest that the form, target and timing of financial assistance need to be considered for it to be effective in promoting the use of quality care.

Handbook on Quality Child Care for Young Children

Handbook on Quality Child Care for Young Children
Author: Carol Ann Baglin
Publisher: Singular
Total Pages: 0
Release: 1994
Genre: Child care services
ISBN: 9781565930933

Intended primarily for professionals teaching early childhood and infant intervention courses, this handbook presents an overview of child care as both a support to families and an economic necessity, meeting changing and dynamic needs. Child care settings and types of care are discussed, along with quality indicators, licensing, and provider safety and training. Suggestions are offered for locating care for families and employers, as well as a discussion of the national network of resource and referral centers. Also covered are the diversity of child care needs and health concerns and the many funding resources available to support child care and related needs. The eight chapters are: (1) "Child Care in the Nineties: Diversity and Changing Needs" (Carol Baglin); (2) "Child Care Settings and Targeting Care for Quality" (Carol Baglin); (3) "The Role of Licensing in Ensuring Quality Child Care" (Roberta Ward); (4) "Healthy Child Care" (Janeen Taylor and W. S. Taylor); (5) "Meeting the Need: Child Care Resource Centers" (Sandra Skolnick); (6) "Trained Providers and Quality Curriculum" (Christina Mandelson); (7) "Promising Practices in Programming" which contains four essays--"Programming for Children Who Are HIV+ or Exposed to Substance Abuse" (Clare Siegel), "Serving the Needs of Low Incidence Children: Local School and Community-Based Model" (Judy Kanigel), "Child Care for Children with Complex Medical Needs" (Polly Harrison and others), "Child Care: A Setting of Early Intervention (Joan Karasik); and (8) "Finding Funding: Sources of Resources for Child Care" (John Surr). References are included with each article. Six appendixes contain a variety of additional resources including National Association of Child Care Resource and Referral Agencies, federal programs, funding resources, and selection criteria for child care settings. (TJQ)

Essays on the Economics of Child Care and Child Custody

Essays on the Economics of Child Care and Child Custody
Author: Jennifer L. Hafer
Publisher:
Total Pages: 238
Release: 2013
Genre: Child care
ISBN: 9781303267253

In my first essay I use data from licensed child care centers in the state of Arkansas to examine the relationship between quality and price charged. To measure quality, I use Arkansas's Better Beginnings Quality Rating and Improvement System, a tier-structured voluntary certification program which can be viewed as a voluntary increase in regulations for licensed child care centers which allows them to send an observable signal of quality to consumers. Using an hedonic pricing estimation with controls for varying geographic markets, results indicate firms with Better Beginnings classification charge higher prices once the highest levels of certification are obtained. The results provide support for policy in favor of greater reporting or release of information regarding child care characteristics, especially those associated with higher quality care, which allow child care facilities to make their quality known in a way that is easily observable. My second essay seeks to answer the question: Why do some divorcing couples use the courts to settle child custody disputes? Settlement literature predicts that cases should settle efficiently and avoid court costs under symmetric information. Shavell (1993) proposes that settlement failure occurs when the resource under dispute is indivisible and the value placed on it is so high that wealth constraints are binding. These characteristics are present in child custody disputes. In these cases, sharing children through joint custody may be impractical because parents are not able or willing to share. The paper uses the Stanford Child Custody data set to empirically analyze how indivisibility may lead to settlement failure in child custody disputes using variables such as distance between the divorced parents' households, levels of hostility, and differences in custody type filed. Other variables included in the analysis are income, home ownership, involvement levels of each parent with the children, number of children, each parent's desire to settle the divorce case outside of the courts, and the use of lawyers. Results show that parents who file for different types of physical custody and couples that display high levels of hostility are more likely to end up in court. My final essay examines the hypothesis that divorcing couples make trade-offs between child custody and child support in order to secure their preferred custody outcome. Mnookin and Kornhauser (1979) introduce the concept of "bargaining in the shadow of the law" which describes negotiations made between parents in the framework of their existing legal setting. Using data from the Stanford Child Custody Study, I test to see if parents, specifically mothers, accept lower amounts of child support in order to receive sole physical custody of their children. Using a two-stage estimation approach to account for the joint determination of child custody and child support, I find that the legal environment surrounding divorce proceedings, including aspects such as mandatory mediation along with a preference of the courts for joint custody, significantly increases the likelihood of joint physical custody. Results from the estimation of the child support equation suggest that along with the typical guideline variables such as income of the parents, number of children, and visitation, the time between separation and filing for divorce and the mother filing for divorce significantly decrease the support award while lawyer representation of the mother significantly increases the amount of child support issued. Using a selection model, I find that the significant negative relationship between the custody and support equations, accounted for in the selection term, signifies that mothers who "win" their preferred custody are accepting lower amounts of child support.

The Tragedy of Child Care in America

The Tragedy of Child Care in America
Author: Edward Zigler
Publisher: Yale University Press
Total Pages: 234
Release: 2009-01-01
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 030015626X

Why the United States has failed to establish a comprehensive high-quality child care program is the question at the center of this book. Edward Zigler has been intimately involved in this issue since the 1970s, and here he presents a firsthand history of the policy making and politics surrounding this important debate. Good-quality child care supports cognitive, social, and emotional development, school readiness, and academic achievement. This book examines the history of child care policy since 1969, including the inside story of America's one great attempt to create a comprehensive system of child care, its failure, and the lack of subsequent progress. Identifying specific issues that persist today, Zigler and his coauthors conclude with an agenda designed to lead us successfully toward quality care for America's children.

Evaluating the Quality of Family Day Care

Evaluating the Quality of Family Day Care
Author: Ed. D. P. Burns Bellamy
Publisher: iUniverse
Total Pages: 246
Release: 2001-10
Genre: Family & Relationships
ISBN: 0595202594

Based on the research and experience of Dr. Bellamy, this definitive reference work, months in the making, is one of the most complete and authoritative evaluations of early care and education made available to the public. As welfare reforms put more mothers back to work and off public assistance, the need for quality child care in the new millennium will reach an all-time high. Cities throughout the country are facing the ultimate question: How does the government help families become self-sufficient and productive without jeopardizing quality care and development of the children? This book provides a critical look at welfare reforms and at families who struggle to comply with policy guidelines without compromising the care and development of their young children. Here, in a warm and jargon-free style, a single work offers families all the practical information needed to select the best quality in child care for their young children. Educators and child care officials will find in this work a reservoir of information designed for excellence in early care and education. Policymakers will find this work a priceless source in shaping welfare reforms.

The Wiley Handbook of Early Childhood Care and Education

The Wiley Handbook of Early Childhood Care and Education
Author: Christopher P. Brown
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 760
Release: 2019-04-23
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1119148065

The essential resource to the issues surrounding childhood care and education with contributions from noted experts The Wiley Handbook of Early Childhood Care and Education is a comprehensive resource that offers a review of the historical aspects, best practices, and the future directions of the field. With contributions from noted experts in the field, the book contains 30 interdisciplinary essays that explore in-depth the central issues of early childhood care and education. The handbook presents a benchmark reference to the basic knowledge, effective approaches to use with young children, curriculum design, professional development, current policies, and other critical information. The expert contributors address the myriad complex policy and practice issues that are most relevant today. The essays provide insight into topics such as child development and diversity, the sociocultural process of child development, the importance of the home environment in the lives of young children, early childhood special education, teaching and learning literacy, and much more. This important resource: Presents a comprehensive synopsis of the major components of the field of early childhood care and education Contains contributions from leading scholars, researchers, and experts in the field Offers the foundational knowledge and practices for working with young children Puts the focus on how early childhood works and presents an understanding of culture as a foundational component of both child development and early childhood education Written for academic scholars, researchers, advocates, policymakers, and students of early childhood care and education, The Wiley Handbook of Early Childhood Care and Education is a comprehensive resource to the major issues for dealing with childhood care and education with contributions from noted scholars in the field.

Child Day Care

Child Day Care
Author: Bruce Hershfield
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
Total Pages: 312
Release: 1997-01-01
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 9781412819473

With more parents in the work force today than ever before, child day care has become an essential element of family life. In the mid-1990s, over 60 percent of employed mothers with children under the age of six worked full time; over 20 percent of mothers in the work force were their family's sole wage earner; and over one million single fathers had children under the age of 18. More than half of all children under age six have parents in the work force, and the mothers of 54 percent of these children are working. This vital compendium makes it clear that comprehensive child care services are not only important to economic well being, but are a vital part of the continuum of child welfare as such. The purpose of child day care is to supplement and enhance the care, attention to developmental needs, and the protection that children receive from their parents. Child Day Care is an effort to define a nurturing environment that cultivates the physical, emotional, intellectual, and social potential of the child as it helps all family members pursue their own individual and collective goals. The fifteen essays in Child Day Care encompass these and other vital matters. Chapters linking child day care and child welfare, child poverty, welfare reform and training, are presented because they are timely and critical if child day care is to remain a viable service to support and strengthen families in an era of high participation in the working force. The effectiveness of specifically designed day care programs for specialized populations and purposes is discussed in several chapters. In addition, several others examine current theories and innovations that may change the future of child day care services_not only in the United States, but worldwide. As the editors make clear, all too often the goals of child day care are high, but the quality of the actual services provided are not. This cutting-edge volume seeks to redress this situation. Among the contributors are such well known figures as Sheila Kammerman, Alfred J. Kahn, Martha G. Roditti, Marcia K. Meyers, Barbara Fink, Diane Trister Dodge, and Richard Fiene.

How is Child Care Quality Measured?

How is Child Care Quality Measured?
Author: Florencia López Boo
Publisher: Inter-American Development Bank
Total Pages: 86
Release: 2016-02-11
Genre: Education
ISBN: 159782223X

This toolkit is designed to be a resource for researchers and technical staff of any discipline, working for governments and institutions interested in measuring and monitoring the quality of child care centers serving infants ages 0 to 3 years (36 months).