The history of environmental justice litigation in federal, state, and administrative courts illustrates how difficult it is to remedy intersectional harm using a single legal tool. In the United States, there is no federal “environmental justice law” that litigants can wield in court. The movement has instead attempted to harness constitutional and civil rights claims, environmental statutes, and common law to address the disproportionate environmental harm suffered by communities of color and under-resourced communities. However, the architects of those laws did not design them to combat environmental injustice, and litigation thereunder rarely provides communities with complete redress. While advocates have pursued multi-faceted approaches with some success, the arc of environmental justice litigation highlights the need for an expansion of existing law or new approaches to address the entrenched harms that characterize environmental racism and injustice. This Chapter introduces readers to environmental justice and explains why litigation has been a lever of limited utility to advance the movement's goals. It surveys the historical application of different types of laws that advocates have employed in cases seeking environmental justice. The Chapter also highlights the non-litigation value lawsuits can provide from the perspective of movement organizing strategies. Finally, it identifies recent successful efforts as well as new setbacks, and explores how novel legal developments could reshape the horizon of environmental justice litigation. *This abstract is from the preprint version of the following chapter: Sara A. Colangelo and Abigail E. André, Environmental Justice before U.S. Courts, published in Environmental Law Before the Courts: A US-EU Narrative, edited by Giovanni Antonelli, Michael Gerrard, Sara Colangelo, Giancarlo Montedoro, Maurizio Santise, Luc Lavrysen, Maria Vittoria Ferroni, 2023, Springer, reproduced with permission of Springer. The final authenticated version will be linked here when available for purchase.