Grammatical gender is an inherent lexical property of nouns that categorizes them into two or more classes. Spanish and Portuguese have a binary gender system in which all nouns are masculine or feminine; this, along with number produces morphosyntactic agreement relationships between nouns, determiners, and adjectives. Conversely, when it comes to morphosyntactic agreement, English only produces agreement for number. The feature distinctions between Spanish and Portuguese on the one hand and English on the other can be illustrated using type hierarchies in HPSG, where the gender feature in Spanish and Portuguese has the same distribution in the hierarchy; however, the gender feature in English is limited to animate referential contexts. The aim of this dissertation is to analyze how L1 and L2 Spanish speakers assign, retain, and process novel noun gender taking into account their L1 typology. L1 Spanish speakers, L1 BP speakers, and L1 English speakers participated in three experimental tasks that manipulate novel noun gender and morphophonological shape. The first task presents speakers with 18 short stories, introducing two of the same novel item, differing along a single attribute, indicated by a gender-inflected adjective. Participants respond to a question about each story, necessarily producing the nonce noun and adjective. The second task is a description task after every six stories to investigate participants' gender retention. The third task investigates processing with a Self-Paced Reading paradigm where reading times are collected for nonce nouns and an anaphoric null nominals. The results indicate that all three speaker groups assign gender differently. L1 Spanish and L1 BP speakers rely most heavily on syntactic cues to assign gender, but L1 BP speakers rely more heavily on morphophonological cues than L1 Spanish speakers. L1 English speakers rely most heavily on morphophonological cues on the nonce noun. All speakers have more difficulty assigning feminine gender compared to masculine gender. This is taken to be due to the unmarked status of the masculine gender and suggests that Spanish gender feature values are [+/- fem] rather than masculine/feminine. These results also suggest that a theory of feature reassembly may more adequately describe the SLA process, accounting for prolonged instances of non-target optionality.