Language As Commodity

Language As Commodity
Author: Rani Rubdy
Publisher: A&C Black
Total Pages: 243
Release: 2008-11-21
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 184706423X

A comprehensive volume which engages with language policies and positions to highlight the issues surrounding language commodification and globalization.

English as a Global Commodity

English as a Global Commodity
Author: Katarina Bouton
Publisher:
Total Pages: 44
Release: 2017
Genre: English language
ISBN:

English is currently the language of diplomacy, higher education, business, science, the internet, and more. In order to understand what this means for the present state of English and its future, one must begin by looking at this language’s diachronic journey, followed by a synchronic picture of English today. In addition to statistics on English, this analysis will consider potential language competitors of Chinese, Arabic, Spanish, and Hindi, among others, in displacing the English language. Compared to these prospective challengers, English has broad roots in world history, lending to its depth and growing breadth; however, not only do the diachronic implications of English carry weight in determining English’s future position but also its place at this moment in time, foreshadowing its secure outlook as the dominant global language for the years to come.

International Commodity Trading

International Commodity Trading
Author: Ephraim Clark
Publisher: Wiley
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2001-04-25
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780471852100

In addition to discussing financial and commodity futures and options, this book links them to the physical economy at large, a linkage which is particularly important when one is thinking of physical commodity markets. The book looks at not only the futures of derivative markets, but it also explores the physical markets and the underlying economy. l Written by leading authors in the field of commodity markets l Contains numerous up-to-date examples, case studies, and scenarios to assist in gaining an overall understanding l Covers all aspects of commodity trading, including the inter-relationship between the different functions

Excerpt: Shifting Commodity Markets in a Globalized World

Excerpt: Shifting Commodity Markets in a Globalized World
Author: Mr.Rabah Arezki
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 25
Release: 2017-09-22
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1484320816

This paper discusses developments and prospects for energy, metals, and food markets since the early 2000s, the start of what is termed a commodities supercycle—the rise of commodity prices over a decade or more as a result of a rapid urbanization and an expansion of infrastructure. Macroeconomists often assume that technological innovation is exogenous (driven largely by external factors or forces), but this volume documents how innovation in energy markets is directly affected by prices. When oil, natural gas, or fossil fuels become scarce, prices increase. This stimulates innovation and the adoption of new technologies and techniques for recovery and use of these resources. Conversely, when these commodities are abundant, prices fall, slowing the pace of innovation and the adoption of new techniques. At the heart of international trade in commodities are cross-country differenc¬es in resource endowments. Natural resources are materials or substances that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain, and so these include not only reserves of hydrocarbons, minerals, fisheries, and forests, but also temperate weather, fertile land, and access to water, which are important to agriculture.

The Cultural Politics of English as an International Language

The Cultural Politics of English as an International Language
Author: Alastair Pennycook
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 390
Release: 2017-03-16
Genre: Foreign Language Study
ISBN: 1351847368

Covering a wide range of areas including international politics, colonial history, critical pedagogy, postcolonial literature and applied linguistics, this book examines ways to understand the cultural and political implications of the global spread of English. Including a useful mixture of theory, research and practice, this will be of use to advanced students of education, English and applied linguistics, for courses on teaching second languages, critical pedagogy, comparative education and world Englishes. It will also be of interest to students of postcolonial literature and international relations.

English as a Global Language

English as a Global Language
Author: David Crystal
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 227
Release: 2012-03-29
Genre: Foreign Language Study
ISBN: 1107611806

Written in a detailed and fascinating manner, this book is ideal for general readers interested in the English language.

The Local Construction of a Global Language

The Local Construction of a Global Language
Author: Joseph Sung-Yul Park
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Total Pages: 286
Release: 2009-04-07
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 3110214075

In South Korea, English is a language of utmost importance, sought with an unprecedented zeal as an indispensable commodity in education, business, popular culture, and national policy. This book investigates how the status of English as a hegemonic language in South Korea is constructed through the mediation of language ideologies in local discourse. Adopting the framework of language ideology and its current developments, it is argued that English in Korean society is a subject of deep-rooted ambiguities, with multiple and sometimes conflicting ideologies coexisting within a tension-ridden discursive space. The complex ways in which these ideologies are reproduced, contested, and negotiated through specific metalinguistic practices across diverse sites ultimately contribute to a local realization of the global hegemony of English as an international language. Through its insightful analysis of metalinguistic discourse in language policy debates, cross-linguistic humor, television shows, and face-to-face interaction, The Local Construction of a Global Language makes an original contribution to the study of language and globalization, proposing an innovative analytic approach that bridges the gap between the investigation of large-scale global forces and the study of micro-level discourse practices.

Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism

Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism
Author: Gary Gereffi
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Total Pages: 350
Release: 1993-11-30
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0313389934

The current restructuring of the world-economy under global capitalism has further integrated international trade and production. It thus has brought to the fore the key role of commodity chains in the relationships of capital, labor, and states. Commodity chains are most simply defined as the link between successive processes of manufacturing that result in a final product available for individual consumption. Each production site in the chain involves organizing the acquisition of necessary raw materials plus semifinished inputs, the recruitment of labor power and its provisioning, arranging transportation to the next site, and the construction of modes of distribution (via markets and transfers) and consumption. The contributors to this volume explore and elaborate the global commodity chains (GCCs) approach, which reformulates the basic conceptual categories for analyzing varied patterns of global organization and change. The GCC framework allows the authors to pose questions about development issues, past and present, that are not easily handled by previous paradigms and to more adequately forge the macro-micro links between processes that are generally assumed to be discretely contained within global, national, and local units of analysis. The paradigm that GCCs embody is a network-centered, historical approach that probes above and below the level of the nation-state to better analyze structure and change in the contemporary world.