La evolución geográfica de la productividad y el empleo

La evolución geográfica de la productividad y el empleo
Author: Elena Ianchovichina
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 372
Release: 2024-03-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1464820902

En La evolución geográfica de la productividad y el empleo: Ideas para lograr un crecimiento inclusivo a través de una perspectiva territorial en América Latina y el Caribe se utiliza una perspectiva territorial para comprender las tasas de crecimiento económico persistentemente bajas de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Utilizando nuevos datos y métodos, se muestra que la desindustrialización, la distancia y las divisiones son factores interrelacionados que explican la paradoja de la productividad urbana en ALC, a saber: las ciudades densamente pobladas deberían estar entre las más productivas del mundo, pero no lo están. Las ciudades de ALC se han visto frenadas por la falta de dinamismo, la mala conectividad y las divisiones en barrios pobres y prósperos desconectados. A causa de la desindustrialización, el empleo urbano se ha desplazado, especialmente en las ciudades más grandes de la región, de las manufacturas a actividades no comercializables menos dinámicas y de baja productividad, como el comercio minorista y los servicios personales y de otra índole, que se benefician menos con la aglomeración, sobre todo en ciudades muy congestionadas. Si bien el empleo en el sector de los servicios comercializables urbanos ha aumentado, el alza ha sido lo suficientemente firme como para compensar la disminución del empleo en el sector manufacturero. Al mismo tiempo, los problemas de conectividad interurbana han menoscabado el desempeño de la red de ciudades de la región, dado que restringen el acceso a los mercados y la capacidad de las empresas para beneficiarse de la especialización reubicándose en ciudades más pequeñas. Dentro de las ciudades, la conectividad deficiente y la segregación del mercado laboral residencial han limitado los beneficios de la aglomeración a los vecindarios de los distritos comerciales centrales donde operan las empresas formales. La informalidad ha persistido en los barrios de bajos ingresos, cuyos habitantes enfrentan múltiples privaciones. En cambio, muchas zonas agrícolas y mineras se han beneficiado con la fuerte demanda de productos básicos por parte de China y otras economías de rápido crecimiento, particularmente durante la década dorada (2003-13), lo que llevó a una disminución de la desigualdad territorial en la mayoría de los países de la región. Se concluye que, para fomentar el crecimiento inclusivo, los países deben transformar más eficientemente la riqueza natural en capital humano, infraestructura e instituciones, y mejorar la competitividad de la economía urbana. En tal sentido, se esbozan los contornos de dicha strategia de desarrollo, identificando las prioridades en materia de políticas a nivel nacional, regional y local.

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Publisher: Religacion Press
Total Pages: 160
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Cibermedios Latinoamericanos

Cibermedios Latinoamericanos
Author: Tatiana Hern Ndez Soto
Publisher: Palibrio
Total Pages: 345
Release: 2012-11
Genre: Reference
ISBN: 1463318049

Tatiana Hernández Soto Licenciada en Periodismo Doctora en Ciencias de la información por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Especialista universitario en Comunicación Digital Correo: [email protected] Blog: http: //thernandez.blogia.com/ Skype: thernandezsoto Twitter: @tatianahsoto

Las fronteras de la ciudadanía en España y en la Unión Europea

Las fronteras de la ciudadanía en España y en la Unión Europea
Author: Marco Aparicio
Publisher: Documenta Universitaria
Total Pages: 444
Release: 2006
Genre: Asylum, Right of
ISBN: 8493523194

El presente volumen recoge, actualizadas, una parte importante de las comunicaciones presentadas en el II y III Encuentro de jóvenes investigadores en derecho de inmigración y asilo celebrados en Barcelona y Girona, respectivamente. La diversidad de aportaciones a los Encuentros tiene una entidad y coherencia propias que reflejan el amplio espectro de investigaciones en marcha, y que la distinguen de otras obras de carácter más sistemático sobre este ámbito del Derecho. Con esta perspectiva, el primer apartado recoge, bajo el título de “Cuestiones de extranjería en el derecho comunitario y en el derecho interno”, diversas aportaciones de ámbito transversal y genérico, que dan paso a un análisis individualizado de derechos concretos y de sus limitaciones en un segundo apartado dedicado a la normativa española, englobado bajo el título de “Acerca de los derechos y libertades de las personas extranjeras”; el tercer apartado del volumen recoge las comunicaciones directamente relacionadas con el derecho de asilo, que por su propia entidad merecen un tratamiento específico. Como corolario se recogen los informes de la situación de la inmigración y el asilo en Irlanda, Rumanía y Alemania en los dos últimos años. \n\n

Health at Work, Ageing and Environmental Effects on Future Social Security and Labour Law Systems

Health at Work, Ageing and Environmental Effects on Future Social Security and Labour Law Systems
Author: Lourdes Mella Méndez
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Total Pages: 527
Release: 2019-01-15
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1527525708

This volume analyses the most important problems and challenges that health, age and the environment introduce in the labour market, and how these factors affect both the way people work and their rights. The contributions here focus on the main challenges for social security systems, lawmakers and trade unions, and provide important solutions to improve workers’ rights and guarantee the viability of public social security systems. Other topics analysed here include dress-codes and whistleblowing in companies. From the labour point of view, workers’ representatives and trade unions must take action in collective bargaining to deal with these topics and adequately protect the workforce. The authors here are drawn from countries such as Hungary, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Poland, Brazil and Colombia, providing a global perspective. The book will appeal to lawyers, legal and human resources experts, economists, judges, academics and staff from trade unions and employers’ representation. The volume features insights and contributions in different languages, with chapters in Spanish (13), English (7) and Portuguese (2).

Finding Solutions for a Post-Crisis Society

Finding Solutions for a Post-Crisis Society
Author: Teresa Torres-Coronas
Publisher: PUBLICACIONS UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI
Total Pages: 491
Release: 2015-12-28
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 8484244105

Since 2007 and the economic meltdown caused by the financial crisis, our societies have been evolving in different ways. New political movements have emerged in Southern Europe and new social movements in pursuit of common concerns are playing a more active role in our daily lives. In a parallel way, after the failure to predict the financial crisis, economist and social science researchers seek fresh thinking and new models that can better explain this new reality. Regulations are of critical importance in shaping the welfare of economies and society. Thus, core legal disciplines are exploring the effects of the financial crisis on social rights, labour market regulations, and civil, common law or international law, among others. With no doubt, the economic crisis has deeply impacted our economic, social, political and legal environment. During the last decade, researchers from a wide range of disciplines have been looking for solutions. Now it is time make a side stop on the way and to gather results. The 1rst International SBRLab Conference, Finding solutions for a post-crisis society, is organized by the Social and Business Research Lab (SBRLab), Universitat Rovira i Virgili. It is as an international and virtual meeting point of interdisciplinary research and researchers. The purpose of this international conference is to bring together researchers from management, economics, political, social and legal disciplines in order to present and discuss new trends in their respective fields.

El imperio del aire

El imperio del aire
Author: Bonet Bagant, Montse (coord.)
Publisher: Editorial UOC
Total Pages: 155
Release: 2016-09-30
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 8491164979

Infocommunication Skills as a Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration Tool for Inmates

Infocommunication Skills as a Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration Tool for Inmates
Author: Oliveira, Lídia
Publisher: IGI Global
Total Pages: 352
Release: 2018-08-31
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1522559760

The prison population is a social group with a high level of digital divide. These individuals need to acquire digital skills for their future integration into society. As such, there is need for studies that can contribute with knowledge and intervention models to promote digital integration of prisoners in a system with very strict rules. Infocommunication Skills as a Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration Tool for Inmates provides innovative insights into the ways to promote digital literacy in a prison context to promote better social integration of inmates facing the end of their sentences. It also explores the work of intervention tools, social inclusion of female inmates, and policies of information literacy. It is designed for academicians, professionals, and graduate-level students seeking research centered on the promotion of digital literacy in prison systems.

El empleo en crisis

El empleo en crisis
Author: Joana Silva
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 385
Release: 2021-09-30
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1464817227

A region known for its volatility, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has suffered severe economic and social setbacks from crises—including the COVID-19 pandemic. These crises have taken their toll on careers, wage growth, and productivity. Employment in Crisis: The Path to Better Jobs in a Post-COVID-19 Latin America provides new evidence on the effects of crises on the region’s workers and firms and suggests several policy responses that can bolster long-term and inclusive economic growth. This report has three key findings. First, crises lead to persistent employment losses and accelerate structural changes away from the formal sector. This change occurs more through reductions in the creation of formal jobs than through job destruction. Second, some workers recover from crises, while others are permanently scarred by them. Low-skilled workers can suffer up to a decade of lower earnings caused by crises, while high-skilled workers rebound fast, exacerbating the LAC region’s high level of inequality. Formal workers suffer smaller employment and wage losses in localities with higher rates of informality. And the reduced job flows caused by crises decrease welfare, but workers in localities with more job opportunities, whether formal or informal, bounce back better. Third, crises’ cleansing effects can increase efficiency and productivity, but these effects are dampened by the LAC region’s less competitive market structure. Rather than becoming more agile and productive during economic downturns, protected sectors and firms gain market share and crowd out others, trapping valuable resources. This report proposes a three-pronged mix of policies to improve the LAC region’s responses to crises: • Create a more stable macroeconomic environment to smooth the impacts of crises, including automatic stabilizers such as unemployment insurance and short-term compensation programs; • Increase the capacity of social protection and labor programs to respond to crises and coalesce these programs into systems that complement income support with reemployment assistance and reskilling opportunities; and • Tackle structural issues, including the lack of product market competition and the spatial dimension behind poor labor market adjustment—a “good jobs and good firms†? agenda.