Embedded Memory Design for Multi-Core and Systems on Chip

Embedded Memory Design for Multi-Core and Systems on Chip
Author: Baker Mohammad
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 104
Release: 2013-10-22
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1461488818

This book describes the various tradeoffs systems designers face when designing embedded memory. Readers designing multi-core systems and systems on chip will benefit from the discussion of different topics from memory architecture, array organization, circuit design techniques and design for test. The presentation enables a multi-disciplinary approach to chip design, which bridges the gap between the architecture level and circuit level, in order to address yield, reliability and power-related issues for embedded memory.

Advanced Multicore Systems-On-Chip

Advanced Multicore Systems-On-Chip
Author: Abderazek Ben Abdallah
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 292
Release: 2017-09-10
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9811060924

From basic architecture, interconnection, and parallelization to power optimization, this book provides a comprehensive description of emerging multicore systems-on-chip (MCSoCs) hardware and software design. Highlighting both fundamentals and advanced software and hardware design, it can serve as a primary textbook for advanced courses in MCSoCs design and embedded systems. The first three chapters introduce MCSoCs architectures, present design challenges and conventional design methods, and describe in detail the main building blocks of MCSoCs. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 discuss fundamental and advanced on-chip interconnection network technologies for multi and many core SoCs, enabling readers to understand the microarchitectures for on-chip routers and network interfaces that are essential in the context of latency, area, and power constraints. With the rise of multicore and many-core systems, concurrency is becoming a major issue in the daily life of a programmer. Thus, compiler and software development tools are critical in helping programmers create high-performance software. Programmers should make sure that their parallelized program codes will not cause race condition, memory-access deadlocks, or other faults that may crash their entire systems. As such, Chapter 7 describes a novel parallelizing compiler design for high-performance computing. Chapter 8 provides a detailed investigation of power reduction techniques for MCSoCs at component and network levels. It discusses energy conservation in general hardware design, and also in embedded multicore system components, such as CPUs, disks, displays and memories. Lastly, Chapter 9 presents a real embedded MCSoCs system design targeted for health monitoring in the elderly.

Multi-Core Embedded Systems

Multi-Core Embedded Systems
Author: Georgios Kornaros
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 421
Release: 2018-10-08
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1351834088

Details a real-world product that applies a cutting-edge multi-core architecture Increasingly demanding modern applications—such as those used in telecommunications networking and real-time processing of audio, video, and multimedia streams—require multiple processors to achieve computational performance at the rate of a few giga-operations per second. This necessity for speed and manageable power consumption makes it likely that the next generation of embedded processing systems will include hundreds of cores, while being increasingly programmable, blending processors and configurable hardware in a power-efficient manner. Multi-Core Embedded Systems presents a variety of perspectives that elucidate the technical challenges associated with such increased integration of homogeneous (processors) and heterogeneous multiple cores. It offers an analysis that industry engineers and professionals will need to understand the physical details of both software and hardware in embedded architectures, as well as their limitations and potential for future growth. Discusses the available programming models spread across different abstraction levels The book begins with an overview of the evolution of multiprocessor architectures for embedded applications and discusses techniques for autonomous power management of system-level parameters. It addresses the use of existing open-source (and free) tools originating from several application domains—such as traffic modeling, graph theory, parallel computing and network simulation. In addition, the authors cover other important topics associated with multi-core embedded systems, such as: Architectures and interconnects Embedded design methodologies Mapping of applications

System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications

System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications
Author: Wael Badawy
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 464
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1461503515

System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications will be of interest to engineers, both in industry and academia, working in the area of SoC VLSI design and application. It will also be useful to graduate and undergraduate students in electrical and computer engineering and computer science. A selected set of papers from the 2nd International Workshop on Real-Time Applications were used to form the basis of this book. It is organized into the following chapters: -Introduction; -Design Reuse; -Modeling; -Architecture; -Design Techniques; -Memory; -Circuits; -Low Power; -Interconnect and Technology; -MEMS. System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications contains many signal processing applications and will be of particular interest to those working in that community.

Fundamentals of System-on-Chip Design on Arm Cortex-M Microcontrollers

Fundamentals of System-on-Chip Design on Arm Cortex-M Microcontrollers
Author: René Beuchat
Publisher: Arm Education Media
Total Pages: 660
Release: 2021-08-02
Genre:
ISBN: 9781911531333

This textbook aims to provide learners with an understanding of embedded systems built around Arm Cortex-M processor cores, a popular CPU architecture often used in modern low-power SoCs that target IoT applications. Readers will be introduced to the basic principles of an embedded system from a high-level hardware and software perspective and will then be taken through the fundamentals of microcontroller architectures and SoC-based designs. Along the way, key topics such as chip design, the features and benefits of Arm's Cortex-M processor architectures (including TrustZone, CMSIS and AMBA), interconnects, peripherals and memory management are discussed. The material covered in this book can be considered as key background for any student intending to major in computer engineering and is suitable for use in an undergraduate course on digital design.

Real World Multicore Embedded Systems

Real World Multicore Embedded Systems
Author: Bryon Moyer
Publisher: Newnes
Total Pages: 646
Release: 2013-02-27
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0123914612

This Expert Guide gives you the techniques and technologies in embedded multicore to optimally design and implement your embedded system. Written by experts with a solutions focus, this encyclopedic reference gives you an indispensable aid to tackling the day-to-day problems when building and managing multicore embedded systems. Following an embedded system design path from start to finish, our team of experts takes you from architecture, through hardware implementation to software programming and debug. With this book you will learn: • What motivates multicore • The architectural options and tradeoffs; when to use what • How to deal with the unique hardware challenges that multicore presents • How to manage the software infrastructure in a multicore environment • How to write effective multicore programs • How to port legacy code into a multicore system and partition legacy software • How to optimize both the system and software • The particular challenges of debugging multicore hardware and software - Examples demonstrating timeless implementation details - Proven and practical techniques reflecting the authors' expertise built from years of experience and key advice on tackling critical issues

Multicore Systems On-Chip: Practical Software/Hardware Design

Multicore Systems On-Chip: Practical Software/Hardware Design
Author: Abderazek Ben Abdallah
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 291
Release: 2013-07-20
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9491216929

System on chips designs have evolved from fairly simple unicore, single memory designs to complex heterogeneous multicore SoC architectures consisting of a large number of IP blocks on the same silicon. To meet high computational demands posed by latest consumer electronic devices, most current systems are based on such paradigm, which represents a real revolution in many aspects in computing. The attraction of multicore processing for power reduction is compelling. By splitting a set of tasks among multiple processor cores, the operating frequency necessary for each core can be reduced, allowing to reduce the voltage on each core. Because dynamic power is proportional to the frequency and to the square of the voltage, we get a big gain, even though we may have more cores running. As more and more cores are integrated into these designs to share the ever increasing processing load, the main challenges lie in efficient memory hierarchy, scalable system interconnect, new programming paradigms, and efficient integration methodology for connecting such heterogeneous cores into a single system capable of leveraging their individual flexibility. Current design methods tend toward mixed HW/SW co-designs targeting multicore systems on-chip for specific applications. To decide on the lowest cost mix of cores, designers must iteratively map the device’s functionality to a particular HW/SW partition and target architectures. In addition, to connect the heterogeneous cores, the architecture requires high performance complex communication architectures and efficient communication protocols, such as hierarchical bus, point-to-point connection, or Network-on-Chip. Software development also becomes far more complex due to the difficulties in breaking a single processing task into multiple parts that can be processed separately and then reassembled later. This reflects the fact that certain processor jobs cannot be easily parallelized to run concurrently on multiple processing cores and that load balancing between processing cores – especially heterogeneous cores – is very difficult.

Semiconductor Memories and Systems

Semiconductor Memories and Systems
Author: Andrea Redaelli
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Total Pages: 364
Release: 2022-06-07
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0128209461

Semiconductor Memories and Systems provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of semiconductor memory at the technology and system levels. After an introduction on market trends and memory applications, the book focuses on mainstream technologies, illustrating their current status, challenges and opportunities, with special attention paid to scalability paths. Technologies discussed include static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), non-volatile memory (NVM), and NAND flash memory. Embedded memory and requirements and system level needs for storage class memory are also addressed. Each chapter covers physical operating mechanisms, fabrication technologies, and the main challenges to scalability.Finally, the work reviews the emerging trends for storage class memory, mainly focusing on the advantages and opportunities of phase change based memory technologies. - Features contributions from experts from leading companies in semiconductor memory - Discusses physical operating mechanisms, fabrication technologies and paths to scalability for current and emerging semiconductor memories - Reviews primary memory technologies, including SRAM, DRAM, NVM and NAND flash memory - Includes emerging storage class memory technologies such as phase change memory

MULTICORE SYSTEMS ON-CHIP

MULTICORE SYSTEMS ON-CHIP
Author: Ben Abadallah Abderazek
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 196
Release: 2010-08-01
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9491216333

Conventional on-chip communication design mostly use ad-hoc approaches that fail to meet the challenges posed by the next-generation MultiCore Systems on-chip (MCSoC) designs. These major challenges include wiring delay, predictability, diverse interconnection architectures, and power dissipation. A Network-on-Chip (NoC) paradigm is emerging as the solution for the problems of interconnecting dozens of cores into a single system on-chip. However, there are many problems associated with the design of such systems. These problems arise from non-scalable global wire delays, failure to achieve global synchronization, and difficulties associated with non-scalable bus-based functional interconnects. The book consists of three parts, with each part being subdivided into four chapters. The first part deals with design and methodology issues. The architectures used in conventional methods of MCSoCs design and custom multiprocessor architectures are not flexible enough to meet the requirements of different application domains and not scalable enough to meet different computation needs and different complexities of various applications. Several chapters of the first part will emphasize on the design techniques and methodologies. The second part covers the most critical part of MCSoCs design — the interconnections. One approach to addressing the design methodologies is to adopt the so-called reusability feature to boost design productivity. In the past years, the primitive design units evolved from transistors to gates, finite state machines, and processor cores. The network-on-chip paradigm offers this attractive property for the future and will be able to close the productivity gap. The last part of this book delves into MCSoCs validations and optimizations. A more qualitative approach of system validation is based on the use of formal techniques for hardware design. The main advantage of formal methods is the possibility to prove the validity of essential design requirements. As formal languages have a mathematical foundation, it is possible to formally extract and verify these desired properties of the complete abstract state space. Online testing techniques for identifying faults that can lead to system failure are also surveyed. Emphasis is given to analytical redundancy-based techniques that have been developed for fault detection and isolation in the automatic control area.

Architecture of Computing Systems - ARCS 2011

Architecture of Computing Systems - ARCS 2011
Author: Mladen Berekovic
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 284
Release: 2011-02-11
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3642191363

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS 2011, held in Lake Como, Italy, in February 2011. The 22 revised full papers presented in seven technical sessions were carefully reviewed and selected from 62 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on customization and application specific accelerators; multi/many-core architectures; adaptive system architectures; processor architectures; memory architectures optimization; organic and autonomic computing; network-on-chip architectures.