The eGovernment Benchmark Background Report further unravels government digitalisation. It pinpoints technological advancements and provides a clear path to understand and stimulate sectoral developments. This report helps professionals in various disciplines of eGovernment to gain a clearer understanding of the following: 1. To what extent different technologies are being implemented and how: Chapter 2 presents technology specific findings (around mobile technologies, personal data solutions, electronic identification, etc.). Findings are particularly relevant for policy makers responsible for digital affairs across different government branches, as well as innovation scholars, developers, business analysts and solution integrators who analyse, build and implement digital government applications and services. 2. To what extent and how specific government domains evolve: Chapters 3-7 dive into this year's life events of Regular Business Operations, Health, Moving, Transport and Starting a Small Claims Procedure. Findings are particularly relevant for domain experts and policy makers in the field of economic affairs, healthcare, internal affairs, (public) transportation and justice. 3. Which factors influence country performance and how countries can learn from each other: Chapter 9 provides the Benchlearning Analysis in which relative performance of countries is explained. Findings are particularly relevant for policy makers responsible for eGovernment strategy and international cooperation. 4. Lastly, a collection of good practices from all participating countries is listed in the Appendix. Whereas the Insight Report mainly marks European trends, this Background Report takes a closer look at national perspectives. Concrete examples, best practices and success stories from various countries are presented throughout the report. Country rankings and service overviews are given to guide readers to the leading countries and specific services for further inspiration.