Effects Of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Solar Uv Radiation And Climate Change On Biogeochemical Cycling
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| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 22 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Climate change modulates the effects of solar UV radiation on biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, particularly for carbon cycling, resulting in UV-mediated positive or negative feedbacks on climate. Possible positive feedbacks discussed in this assessment include: (i) enhanced UV-induced mineralisation of above ground litter due to aridification; (ii) enhanced UV-induced mineralisation of photoreactive dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic ecosystems due to changes in continental runoff and ice melting; (iii) reduced efficiency of the biological pump due to UV-induced bleaching of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in stratified aquatic ecosystems, where CDOM protects phytoplankton from the damaging solar UV-B radiation. Mineralisation of organic matter results in the production and release of CO2, whereas the biological pump is the main biological process for CO2 removal by aquatic ecosystems. This research also assesses the interactive effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on the biogeochemical cycling of aerosols and trace gases other than CO2, as well as of chemical and biological contaminants. Lastly, interacting effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on biogeochemical cycles are particularly pronounced at terrestrial-aquatic interfaces.
| Author | : James G. Titus |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 398 |
| Release | : 1986 |
| Genre | : Atmosphere |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : James G. Titus |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 546 |
| Release | : 1986 |
| Genre | : Atmosphere |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : United Nations Environment Programme |
| Publisher | : United Nations Publications |
| Total Pages | : 204 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : |
The 2002 report updates the assessment of the environmental effects of increased ultraviolet radiation and focuses on the interactions between ozone depletion and climate change. Findings include that atmospheric ozone levels remain depleted with an annual global average loss of about three per cent. Although the quality, quantity and availability of ground-based UV measurements continue to improve, a global-scale assessment is not yet available. Long-term effects on UV radiation from changes in cloud and snow cover have been observed, which indicates complex interactions between climate change and UV-B radiation. New studies continue to confirm the health problems caused by UV-B radiation, especially the formation of cataracts in the eyes, skin cancer and damage to the immune system. Interactions between UV radiation and other global climate change factors are also likely to affect many terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
| Author | : Sari Kovats |
| Publisher | : WHO Regional Office Europe |
| Total Pages | : 127 |
| Release | : 2000-11 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9289013559 |
A balanced assessment based on currently available scientific knowledge of the effects that climate change may have on the environment in Europe and the health of its populations. Written in non-technical language the book responds to growing public and political concern about the consequences of such widely publicized phenomena as global warming and stratospheric ozone depletion. The book also responds to evidence that recent warming trends in Europe have already affected health. The book opens with a brief explanation of the causes of climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion followed by an overview of recent European and global initiatives aimed at monitoring trends and assessing their impact on health. The first main chapter on climate change in Europe summarizes currently documented trends and provides a scenario of possible changes throughout the rest of this century. The second and most extensive chapter reviews scientific evidence on specific health consequences. These include effects related to increased episodes of thermal stress and air pollution; changes in foodborne water-related vector-borne and rodent-borne diseases; mortality from floods and other weather extremes; and changes in the production of aeroallergens associated with respiratory disorders including asthma. Chapter three considers health effects linked to stratospheric ozone depletion giving particular attention to adverse effects on the eye and immune system and skin cancer. The remaining chapters discuss health effects expected in the next decade and outline actions urgently needed in the areas of policy monitoring and surveillance and research.
| Author | : N. V. Blough |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 201 |
| Release | : 1990 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The changes in ground-level UV radiation that accompany changing cloud cover and stratospheric ozone levels may have serious consequence for numerous biological and geochemical cycles that are critically important to the well-being of the biosphere. Moreover, because carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, halocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbonyl sulfide all have natural sources and sinks in the biosphere, alterations of the biogeochemical cycles could introduce significant positive or negative feedbacks to the atmospheric concentrations of these important trace gases. To better assess the possible ramifications of changing UV levels on biogeochemical dynamics, this workship assembled a diverse group of experts, including atmospheric chemists and physicists and aquatic chemists, biochemists and biologists. Participants were asked to help identify and more clearly define: i) the potential effects of climate change on ground level solar UV (and visible) radiation, ii) the impacts of solar UV radiation on geochemical processes in aquatic systems, iii) the effects of solar UV radiation on biological processes, with emphasis on the possible effects of enhanced UV-B (280-320 nm) radiation. Participants were asked to discuss experimental and theoretical approaches to better characterize and model these processes on both regional and global scales. Questions that were addressed at the workshop included. Keywords: Remote detectors; Radiative transfer; Atmospheric chemistry. (kt).
| Author | : United Nations Environment Programme |
| Publisher | : United Nations Publications |
| Total Pages | : 193 |
| Release | : 1998-01-01 |
| Genre | : Atmospheric chemistry |
| ISBN | : 9280717243 |
| Author | : Wei Gao |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 565 |
| Release | : 2010-09-08 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 364203313X |
Numerous studies report that ultraviolet (UV) radiation is harmful to living organisms and detrimental to human health. Growing concerns regarding the increased levels of UV-B radiation that reach the earth's surface have led to the development of ground- and space-based measurement programs. Further study is needed on the measurement, modeling, and effects of UV radiation. The chapters of this book describe the research conducted across the globe over the past three decades in the areas of: (1) current and predicted levels of UV radiation and its associated impact on ecosystems and human health, as well as economic and social implications; (2) new developments in UV instrumentation, advances in calibration (ground- and satellite-based), measurement methods, modeling efforts, and their applications; and (3) the effects of global climate change on UV radiation. Dr. Wei Gao is a Senior Research Scientist and the Director of the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University. Dr. Gao is a SPIE fellow and serves as the Editor-in-Chief for the Journal of Applied Remote Sensing. Dr. Daniel L. Schmoldt is the National Program Leader for instrumentation and sensors at the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dr. Schmoldt served as joint Editor-in-Chief of the journal, Computers & Electronics in Agriculture, from 1997 to 2004. Dr. James R. Slusser retired in 2007 from the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program at Colorado State University. He was active in the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, the American Geophysical Union, and the American Meteorological Society. Dr. Slusser is currently pursuing his interests in solar energy and atmospheric transmission.
| Author | : Shagoon Tabin |
| Publisher | : APH Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 204 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Global warming |
| ISBN | : 9788131303962 |
| Author | : Robert C. Worrest |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 367 |
| Release | : 2013-06-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 364270090X |
Inadvertent alterations of the earth's atmosphere by man's activities are now of regional and even global proportion. Increasing concern has been focused in the last decade on consequences of acid rain, carbon dioxide enrichment of the atmosphere and reduction of ozone in the upper atmosphere. The latter two problems are of truly global scale. This book focuses on the atmospheric ozone reduction problem and the potential consequences for plant life. unlike carbon dioxide enrichment, reduction of the total atmospheric ozone column has not yet taken place to a noticeable degree -- it is a problem of the future. The processes leading to ozone reduction involve time periods on the scale of decades. However, by the same token, if society finds ozone reduction to be unacceptable it will take even longer for the process to be reversed. Thus, anticipation of the consequences of ozone reduction is of obvious importance. Speculation of the possibility of ozone reduction first appeared in the early 1970's and was focused on the consequences of the injection of large quantities of nitrogen oxides into the upper atmosphere by supersonic aircraft flying at high altitudes. Other sources of nitrogen oxides originating from the earth's surface were also considered. With further refinement, the concerns of nitrogen oxide pollution of the upper atmosphere were diminished since the quantities likely to be involved were insufficient to cause a serious threat to the ozone layer.
