Effects Of Steroid Hormones On Skeletal Muscle
Download Effects Of Steroid Hormones On Skeletal Muscle full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online free Effects Of Steroid Hormones On Skeletal Muscle ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 273 |
Release | : 2008 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Steroid hormones are small lipophilic compounds synthesized from cholesterol and are important for numerous physiological and hormonal functions. This dissertation is focused on the effects of two types of steroid hormones, estrogens and glucocorticoids, on skeletal muscle. The first part of this dissertation investigates estrogen effects on skeletal muscle growth at the molecular level. Previous work suggested estrogen limits skeletal muscle growth in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The underlying mechanisms were further investigated by monitoring specific muscle growth factors, myostatin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), following estrogen administration in the OVX rats. The mRNA and protein expression of both growth factors were measured at the end of 1 week or 5 weeks of treatments. Myostatin protein was found to increase with 1-week estrogen treatment only in the slow muscle (soleus, SOL), while IGF-1 protein was universally down-regulated by estrogen in the fast (extensor digitorum longus, EDL), slow, and mixed (gastrocnemius, GAS) muscles. Discordance between the mRNA and protein of both growth factors was observed. There was no treatment effect on IGF-1 and myostatin expression in the 5 week study suggesting a transient estrogen effect or up-regulation of a compensatory mechanism to counteract the estrogen effect observed at the earlier time point (1 week). The second part was to elucidate a better understanding of the potential underlying mechanism(s) of glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy. Gene array technology (Affymetrix) was employed to study multiple genes simultaneously. Glucocorticoid treatment was found to affect some of the ubiquitin-conjugases (E2 enzymes) and the ubiquitin-ligases (E3 enzymes) in the UPS pathway. A mechanism-based PK/PD modeling on the E3 enzymes, namely MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1, was conducted. The proposed model captured the acute data well; however, the model predicted an elevated expression throughout the chronic study and as such, did not capture the last time point (168 hour) where the gene expression had returned to the baseline. The results suggested the current understanding of the glucocorticoid receptor mechanism is not sufficient in describing the genomic response in skeletal muscle. A compensatory mechanism in addition to the down-regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor may exist and together they govern glucocorticoid resistance.
Author | : Agneta Holmäng |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 52 |
Release | : 1993 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9789162808723 |
Author | : Andrea A. Vasconsuelo |
Publisher | : Bentham Science Publishers |
Total Pages | : 191 |
Release | : 2019-06-03 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9811412359 |
This monograph focuses on the actions exerted by sex hormones, 17β-estradiol and testosterone, in skeletal muscle tissue. An important consideration of this volume is the fact that both estrogen receptors (ERs) and androgen receptors (ARs) are ubiquitously expressed and, as a result, steroid hormones affect growth and different cell functions in several organs. Moreover, ERs and ARs may have a non-classical pattern of intracellular localizations, raising complexity to the functional roles of estradiol and testosterone. Readers will find key information about the role of sex hormones in mitochondrial physiology and their relation with ageing, apoptosis, and sarcopenia. Chapters integrate important points with the latest information on the subject, including work of leading researchers studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the age-linked changes in muscle tissue while highlighting the role of satellite cells. Furthermore, the book presents a chapter about phytoestrogens (compounds which are structurally very similar to estrogen 17β-estradiol) and their selective action on sex steroid receptors (specifically, they have a higher affinity for ERβ receptors than ERα receptors). The book is recommended reading for scientists and clinicians involved in the field of medical and health sciences as well as for scholarly readers (students of biochemistry and medicine) who are interested in the molecular mechanism of cellular apoptosis regulated by steroid hormones.
Author | : Robert C. Bast, Jr. |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 2004 |
Release | : 2017-03-10 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 111900084X |
Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates
Author | : J. A. Puah |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 1983 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Zablon Ng'Wigulu Elias Masesa |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 201 |
Release | : 1981 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Bruce Spiegelman |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 108 |
Release | : 2018-03-07 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3319727907 |
The world is faced with an epidemic of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This is due to changes in dietary habits and the decrease in physical activity. Exercise is usually part of the prescription, the first line of defense, to prevent or treat metabolic disorders. However, we are still learning how and why exercise provides metabolic benefits in human health. This open access volume focuses on the cellular and molecular pathways that link exercise, muscle biology, hormones and metabolism. This will include novel “myokines” that might act as new therapeutic agents in the future.
Author | : Victor A. Rogozkin |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 202 |
Release | : 1991-06-14 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9780849364150 |
This book presents an authoritative review of the research regarding the influences of anabolic-androgenic steroids on metabolism. The book provides a concise description of the biochemistry of these steroids using simple terms and includes methods of separation and their clinical applications. The first section of the book examines the general structure, nomenclature, and classification of anabolic-androgenic steroids. Subsequent chapters explore concepts basic to understanding the pathways of their metabolism in both target and non-target tissues, including the interactions of steroids with receptors and the effects of steroids on the cellular metabolism of skeletal muscle. The changes and molecular base of modifications in metabolism during exercise involving anabolic-androgenic steroids are also described. Finally, a comprehensive review of methods for scanning and identifying anabolic-androgenic steroids in biological fluids is presented, as well as a discussion regarding the applicability and limitations of these techniques. The book provides valuable reference information for all scientists and clinicians engaged in sports medicine, exercise biochemistry, and endocrinology.
Author | : Monica Fedele |
Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
Total Pages | : 278 |
Release | : 2013-05-08 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9535110802 |
This book covers a selected number of hot topics in endocrine and hormone-related pathologies, discussed by eminent scientists and clinicians coming from different countries of the world. It deals with advanced recent trends in the field, including neuroendocrine and pituitary tumors, thyroid dysfunctions, diabetes and a series of endocrine-related diseases, such as those related to the anabolic effects of testosterone, obesity, cancer, the liver complications of diabetes and the pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The readers should be able to have a basic, as well as critic and advanced, overview of these selected hot pathologies of the endocrine system.
Author | : Paul K. Roberts |
Publisher | : Nova Science Publishers |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2010 |
Genre | : Adolescent |
ISBN | : 9781606923245 |
"Anabolic steroids" is the familiar name for synthetic substances related to the male sex hormones (e.g., testosterone). They promote the growth of skeletal muscle (anabolic effects) and the development of male sexual characteristics (androgenic effects) in both males and females. The term "anabolic steroids" will be used throughout this book because of its familiarity, although the proper term for these compounds is "anabolic-androgenic steroids." As discussed in this book, the primary medical uses of these compounds are to treat delayed puberty, some types of impotence, and wasting of the body caused by HIV infection or other diseases. However, steroids can also be abused and this has become so widespread in athletics that it has affected the outcome of sports contests. Illicit steroids are often sold at gyms, competitions, and through mail order operations after being smuggled into this country. This book presents important information related to this problem.