Effects Of Cover Crop And Vineyard Floor Management On Young Vine Growth Soil Moisture And Weeds In An Establishing Vineyard In The Willamette Valley Of Oregon
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| Author | : Levi Fredrikson |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 118 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Cover crops |
| ISBN | : |
Five vineyard floor management treatments were evaluated in a young vineyard in western Oregon to better understand the effects on vine growth and nutrition, soil moisture dynamics, and weed control during 2009 and 2010. Treatments included two mulched treatments where mowed alleyway residue was transferred in-row at rates of 1x and 3x of alleyway biomass, one treatment where residue was incorporated into alleyways, one treatment where residue was removed, and one unplanted treatment. Vine growth, root growth, and nutritional status of young vines were measured over two growing seasons, as was soil moisture from 0-76cm depth. Weed coverage was assessed visually and densities of broadleaf and grass weeds were determined. In-row volumetric and gravimetric soil moisture measured across 0-30 cm were greater in mulched than non-mulched treatments each year while the 3x level of mulch treatment had greater soil moisture than the 1x level of mulch treatment in 2010. Soil compaction in-row was lowest in mulched treatments each year. One-year old grapevines destructively harvested in fall each year had greater leaf and wood biomass in mulched treatments than non-mulched treatments. Shoot lengths were greater in mulched treatments than non-mulched treatments in 2010. Vines in mulched treatments had greater pruning weights by 43% in 2010 than the treatment in which residue was removed. Clusters per shoot were greater in vines under the 3x level of mulch in 2010. SPAD measures of leaf chlorophyll concentration were higher in mulched treatments than non-mulched treatments. Weed coverage and densities were substantially lower in-row of mulched treatments during 2009 and 2010, with nearly 100% weed suppression by the greater level of residue mulch. Alleyway weed coverage was lowest when residue was incorporated, and highest in the unplanted treatment at some sampling dates. These results indicate that cover crops can be managed effectively to increase shoot and leaf growth of one- to three-year old V. vinifera 'Chardonnay' vines and conserve soil moisture in a non-irrigated, cool climate vineyard. Further, this study indicates that mulching of mowed cover crop residue in-row can reduce weed growth, and incorporation of cover crop residues in alleyways can suppress alleyway weeds.
| Author | : Jean A. Doty |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 270 |
| Release | : 1988 |
| Genre | : Grapes |
| ISBN | : |
The use of grass cover crops is a recommended practice in nonirrigated vineyards in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Two studies were initiated to investigate the competitive and noncompetitive effects of grass cover crops on the growth and development of Pinot noir grapevines. Two greenhouse pot culture experiments were performed to investigate the allelopathic potential of cool season grasses. In the first experiment grass and uncallused grapevine cuttings were established simultaneously in 4 liter pots filled with sand with no fallow strip. Water and nutrients were supplied at luxury levels so as to be nonlimiting. Differences in rooting and growth of the grapevines was a function of the growth habit of the grass. Allelopathy was not apparent. In the second greenhouse experiment perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv.'Elka') was established in 15 liter sand:peat filled pots before uncallused grapevines were planted directly in the grass. Water and nutrients were supplied at luxury levels. Root initiation was inhibited under the ryegrass, with only 24% of the cuttings initiating rooting. Allelopathy may have been involved. A 2 year field study was also initiated to investigate the consumptive water use of 4 cool season grasses (L. perenne, A. tenuis, F. arundinacea. and D. glomerata) used as cover crops in Oregon vineyards under low maintenance conditions. Seasonal evapotranspiration and total depletion of soil water did not differ significantly among species, and was significantly greater than bareground in the early summer months. In late summer months evapotranspiration of the grasses was not significantly different than evaporation from bareground. Establishment of unrooted grapevine cuttings placed directly into established perennial ryegrass turf is unlikely to be successful. Once vineyards are well established, grass cover crops can provide benefits to the vineyard without strong competition for soil water during the summer months.
| Author | : Commission of the European Communities |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 176 |
| Release | : 2021-05-30 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1000445658 |
This book demonstrates the common problems faced by fruit growers throughout the Community and shows the importance of weeds in fruit crops. It summarizes a list of the worst weeds in vine and soft fruits in each European Country.
| Author | : David Scott Abel |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Eutrophication of freshwater lakes and streams is linked to phosphorus (P) fertilizer loss from agriculture. Cover crops could help mitigate P loss but producers are concerned that they may use too much water. This study was conducted to better understand the effects cover crops have on soil moisture and P loss. Volumetric water content ([theta]) was measured at the Kansas Cover Crop Water Use research area at 10 depths throughout a 2.74 m soil profile in 5 cover crop treatments and compared to [theta] measured from a chemical fallow control. Total profile soil moisture in sorghum sudangrass (1.02 m) and forage soybean (1.03 m) did not significantly differ from chemical fallow (1.05 m) at the time of spring planting. However, water deficits were observed in double-crop soybean (1.01 m), crimson clover (0.99 m), and tillage radish (0.99 m). At the Kansas Agricultural Watersheds, runoff was collected and analyzed for total suspended solids, total P, and DRP from 6 cover crop/fertilizer management treatments over two years. In the first water year the cover crop reduced runoff, sediment, and total P loss by 16, 56, and 52% respectively. There was a significant cover by fertilizer interaction for DRP loss. When P fertilizer was broadcasted in the fall with a cover crop, DRP loss was reduced by 60% but was unaffected in the other two P fertilizer treatments. Results were different in the second water year. The cover crop reduced sediment loss (71% reduction), as was seen in year one, but neither the cover crop nor the fertilizer management had a significant effect on runoff volume or total P loss overall. Contrary to the 2014-2015 results, cover crop increased DRP load by 48% in 2015-2016. DRP load was 2 times greater in the fall broadcast treatment than it was in the spring injected treatment but there was not a significant fertilizer by cover crop interaction. In order to determine the long term effects of cover crops and P fertilizer management P loss parameters should be tracked for several more years.
| Author | : Andy Clark |
| Publisher | : DIANE Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 248 |
| Release | : 2008-07 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1437903797 |
Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.
| Author | : William Leonard Hargrove |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 220 |
| Release | : 1991 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : |
The proceedings of this conference deal with the role of cover crops in water quality management, including reducing water runoff, soil erosion, agrichemical lost in runoff, and nitrate leaching to groundwater
| Author | : Ellen Hanak |
| Publisher | : Public Policy Instit. of CA |
| Total Pages | : 500 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1582131414 |
| Author | : D. B. Flewelling |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 46 |
| Release | : 1912 |
| Genre | : Cover crops |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Robert E. White |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 289 |
| Release | : 2015-02-04 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0190266538 |
The first edition of Understanding Vineyard Soils has been praised for its comprehensive coverage of soil topics relevant to viticulture. However, the industry is dynamic--new developments are occurring, especially with respect to measuring soil variability, managing soil water, possible effects of climate change, rootstock breeding and selection, monitoring sustainability, and improving grape quality and the "typicity" of wines. All this is embodied in an increased focus on the terroir or "sense of place" of vineyard sites, with greater emphasis being placed on wine quality relative to quantity in an increasingly competitive world market. The promotion of organic and biodynamic practices has raised a general awareness of "soil health", which is often associated with a soil's biology, but which to be properly assessed must be focused on a soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties. This edition of White's influential book presents the latest updates on these and other developments in soil management in vineyards. With a minimum of scientific jargon, Understanding Vineyard Soils explains the interaction between soils on a variety of parent materials around the world and grapevine growth and wine typicity. The essential chemical and physical processes involving nutrients, water, oxygen and carbon dioxide, moderated by the activities of soil organisms, are discussed. Methods are proposed for alleviating adverse conditions such as soil acidity, sodicity, compaction, poor drainage, and salinity. The pros and cons of organic viticulture are debated, as are the possible effects of climate change. The author explains how sustainable wine production requires winegrowers to take care of the soil and minimize their impact on the environment. This book is a practical guide for winegrowers and the lay reader who is seeking general information about soils, but who may also wish to pursue in more depth the influence of different soil types on vine performance and wine character.
| Author | : Ronald S. Jackson |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 789 |
| Release | : 2008-04-30 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0080568742 |
Wine Science, Third Edition, covers the three pillars of wine science – grape culture, wine production, and sensory evaluation. It takes readers on a scientific tour into the world of wine by detailing the latest discoveries in this exciting industry. From grape anatomy to wine and health, this book includes coverage of material not found in other enology or viticulture texts including details on cork and oak, specialized wine making procedures, and historical origins of procedures. Author Ronald Jackson uniquely breaks down sophisticated techniques, allowing the reader to easily understand wine science processes. This updated edition covers the chemistry of red wine color, origin of grape varietyies, wine language, significance of color and other biasing factors to wine perception, various meanings and significance of wine oxidation. It includes significant additional coverage on brandy and ice wine production as well as new illustrations and color photos. This book is recommended for grape growers, fermentation technologists; students of enology and viticulture, enologists, and viticulturalists. NEW to this edition: * Extensive revision and additions on: chemistry of red wine color, origin of grape varietyies, wine language, significance of color and other biasing factors to wine perception, various meanings and significance of wine oxidation * Significant additional coverage on brandy and ice wine production * New illustrations and color photos
