Effect Of Interfacial Bonding On The Strength Of Adhesion Of Elastomers I Self Adhesion
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| Author | : R. -J. Chang |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 51 |
| Release | : 1981 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Two partially-gelled (crosslinked) layers of elastomer were pressed into intimate contact and the gelation reaction was then taken to completion. By varying the extent of initial gelation, the degree of chemical interlinking was varied from zero, when two fully-reacted sheets were pressed together, up to a level characteristic of the final density of molecular linking within each layer, when they were brought together before any reaction had occurred. The strength of adhesion between the layers was measured under threshold conditions, i.e., at low rates of peel, at high temperatures, and, in some instances, with the layers swollen with a compatible liquid. Linear relations were obtained between the threshold work of detachment per unit of interfacial area and the amount of chemical interlinking, deduced from the kinetics of molecular linking within each layer. At any degree of interlinking, ranging from zero to the fully interlinked state, the work of detachment was lower for networks composed of shorter molecular chains, in accordance with the Lake-Thomas theory of the threshold strength of elastomer networks. By extrapolation to the fully-interlinked state, the strength of adhesion corresponding to cohesive rupture was inferred. These values agreed with measured tear strengths for polybutadiene gelled by a free-radical process. For a sulfur crosslinking system, and for both free-radical and sulfur crosslinking of poly(ethylene-co-propylene), the threshold tear strength of the elastomer was found to be much higher than the extrapolated value from adhesion measurements.
| Author | : Rong-Jong Chang |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 570 |
| Release | : 1980 |
| Genre | : Adhesion |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Sun-Mou Lai |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 292 |
| Release | : 1993 |
| Genre | : Adhesion |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : R. -J. Chang |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 24 |
| Release | : 1981 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Two elastomer layers, differing either in initial degree of crosslinking or in chemical reactivity, were bonded together by a free-radical crosslinking process. The elastomers employed were polybutadiene (BR) and an ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPR), differing in the efficiency of crosslinking by dicumyl peroxide by a factor of about 20. When a fully-crosslinked sheet of either elastomer was pressed into contact with a partially-crosslinked sheet of the same elastomer and the crosslinking then taken to completion, the strength of adhesion under threshold conditions was found to be qualitatively in accord with the predictions of a simple theoretical treatment for the degree of interlinking in terms of the corresponding homogeneous crosslinking reaction. Whereas the theory suggests that the effective degree of interlinking will be one-half of that generated in a homogeneous system, the experimental results were in accord with a figure of about 70 per cent. When a layer of one elastomer was bonded to a layer of the other in a similar way, the strength of adhesion was found to be relatively high when the initial fully-crosslinked layer was BR and relatively low when it was EPR. These results were also in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions for the degree of chemical interlinking developed between layers differing in chemical reactivity. Thus a general correlation appears to hold between the threshold strength of adhesion and the amount of interlinking. (Author).
| Author | : A. N. Gent |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 28 |
| Release | : 1984 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) networks have been formed by endlinking linear PDMS molecules. When second layer is cast on top of a fully-gelled lower-layer, the new molecules diffuse into the surface of the lower layer and form molecular loops ('entanglements') in the course of endlinking with themselves. The two layers are then joined only by the macromolecular loops. Measurements have been made of the work required to separate such layers under threshold conditions, i.e., at low rates, high temperatures, and, in some cases, in the swollen state. Values of the work of detachment have been found to be generally about one-half of the work of fracture of the layers themselves, and consistent with the inferred density of interlinking molecular loops at the interface. The values were higher for higher densities, roughly in proportion, and for interlinking molecular strands of higher molecular weight, in accordance with the theory of Lake and Thomas. In the absence of interlinking the work of detachment was extremely small.
| Author | : Dinesh Kumar Kotnees |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 452 |
| Release | : 2021-08-24 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1119768896 |
RUBBER TO RUBBER ADHESION Readers will get helpful ideas and in-depth knowledge about various aspects of rubber to rubber adhesion with particular reference to theory and practice. This book covers various aspects of rubber to rubber adhesion which is important theoretically, as well as having practical implications. Rubber is a polymer whose glass transition temperature is well below the room temperature and hence the chains are very mobile at room and higher temperatures, making the material very versatile. Rubber is used in a large number of applications ranging from underground mining to tire to space vehicles. In all these cases, compounded rubbers are used in laminates and joined. The higher the adhesion, the higher will be the joint strength. The principles taught in adhesion science and technology are extensively used to prepare better joints and more useful products. The book serves to satisfy a wide range of disciplines (polymers, materials, chemical, chemistry, mechanical, etc.) and starts with an introduction on rubber, then characterization of rubber, rubber surface and joints and, finally, other chapters on rubber to rubber adhesion. Scientific aspects to understand the technology are highlighted. It gives a comprehensive treatment on adhesion between unvulcanized elastomers, self-healing of elastomers, adhesion between compounded elastomers by co-crosslinking, adhesion between partially vulcanized compounded rubber and partially vulcanized compounded rubber, adhesion between vulcanized rubber and unvulcanized rubber- or partially vulcanized rubber, and adhesion between vulcanized rubber and vulcanized rubber. Audience The book will be used by academicians in polymer science, materials science, chemical and mechanical engineering, chemistry, R & D personnel, industry people, as well as rubber and adhesion practitioners.
| Author | : K. L. Mittal |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 458 |
| Release | : 2019-07-11 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1119625254 |
A solid collection of interdisciplinary review articles on the latest developments in adhesion science and adhesives technology With the ever-increasing amount of research being published, it is a Herculean task to be fully conversant with the latest research developments in any field, and the arena of adhesion and adhesives is no exception. Thus, topical review articles provide an alternate and very efficient way to stay abreast of the state-of-the-art in many subjects representing the field of adhesion science and adhesives. Based on the success of the preceding volumes in this series "Progress in Adhesion and Adhesives"), the present volume comprises 9 review articles published in Volume 6 (2018) of Reviews of Adhesion and Adhesives. The subject of these reviews fall into the following general areas: 1. Adhesion to wood and wood bonds 2. Adhesive joints 3. Adhesion in microelectronic packaging 4. Surface modification 5. Contact angle, wettability and surface free energy. The topics covered include: Adhesion phenomena in microelectronic packaging; adhesives for wood and lignocellulosic materials; adhesion to wood and lignocellulosic materials; adhesively bonded lap joints having bi-adhesive and modulus-graded bondlines; adhesion between compounded elastomers; applications of contact angle measurements in pharmaceuticals and foods; oxygen or ammonia plasma treatment of polyolefin surfaces; surface free energy determination of powders and particles; wood bonds; and dispersion adhesion forces between macroscopic objects.
| Author | : David A. Dillard |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 654 |
| Release | : 2010-03-31 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1845698053 |
Adhesive bonding is often effective, efficient, and often necessary way to join mechanical structures. This important book reviews the most recent improvements in adhesive bonding and their wide-ranging potential in structural engineering.Part one reviews advances in the most commonly used groups of structural adhesives with chapters covering topics such as epoxy, polyurethane, silicone, cyanoacrylate, and acrylic adhesives. The second set of chapters covers the various types of adherends and pre-treatment methods for a range of structural materials such as metals, composites and plastics. Chapters in Part three analyse methods and techniques with topics on joint design, life prediction, fracture mechanics and testing. The final group of chapters gives useful and practical insights into the problems and solutions of adhesive bonding in a variety of hostile environments such as chemical, wet and extreme temperatures.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Advances in structural adhesive bonding is a standard reference for structural and chemical engineers in industry and the academic sector. - Reviews advances in the most commonly used groups of structural adhesives including epoxy, silicone and acrylic adhesives - Examines key issues in adhesive selection featuring substrate compatibility and manufacturing demands - Documents advances in bonding metals, plastics and composites recognising problems and limitations
| Author | : P. Dreyfuss |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 18 |
| Release | : 1977 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Strong positive effects of interfacial chemical bonding on the adhesion of an elastomer layer to a glass substrate are reported. Treatment of glass slides with p-bromomethylphenylpoly-siloxane led to strong adhesion with dicarboxyterminated poly-butadiene, whereas treatment with p-tolylpolysiloxane led to weak adhesion. SEM studies confirmed the presence of adhering elastomer in the former case and not in the latter. Swelling stresses were found to discriminate between relatively strongly-bonded systems of the former type, causing earlier bond failure for less firmly bonded elastomer layers. (Author).
| Author | : Hongbo Zeng |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 534 |
| Release | : 2013-02-07 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1118505131 |
Specifically dedicated to polymer and biopolymer systems, Polymer Adhesion, Friction, and Lubrication guides readers to the scratch, wear, and lubrication properties of polymers and the engineering applications, from biomedical research to automotive engineering. Author Hongbo Zeng details different experimental and theoretical methods used to probe static and dynamic properties of polymer materials and biomacromolecular systems. Topics include the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to analyze nanotribology, polymer thin films and brushes, nanoparticles, rubber and tire technology, synovial joint lubrication, adhesion in paper products, bioMEMS, and electrorheological fluids.
