Innovation, Reallocation, and Growth

Innovation, Reallocation, and Growth
Author: Daron Acemoglu
Publisher:
Total Pages: 58
Release: 2019
Genre:
ISBN:

We build a model of firm-level innovation, productivity growth and reallocation featuring endogenous entry and exit. A new and central economic force is the selection between highand low-type firms, which differ in terms of their innovative capacity. We estimate the parameters of the model using US Census micro data on firm-level output, R&D and patenting. The model provides a good fit to the dynamics of firm entry and exit, output and R&D. Taxing the continued operation of incumbents can lead to sizable gains (of the order of 1.4% improvement in welfare) by encouraging exit of less productive firms and freeing up skilled labor to be used for R&D by high-type incumbents. Subsidies to the R&D of incumbents do not achieve this objective because they encourage the survival and expansion of low-type firms.

The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship

The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship
Author: Ina Ganguli
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2020-02-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 022669576X

The number of immigrants in the US science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce and among recipients of advanced STEM degrees at US universities has increased in recent decades. In light of the current public debate about immigration, there is a need for evidence on the economic impacts of immigrants on the STEM workforce and on innovation. Using new data and state-of-the-art empirical methods, this volume examines various aspects of the relationships between immigration, innovation, and entrepreneurship, including the effects of changes in the number of immigrants and their skill composition on the rate of innovation; the relationship between high-skilled immigration and entrepreneurship; and the differences between immigrant and native entrepreneurs. It presents new evidence on the postgraduation migration patterns of STEM doctoral recipients, in particular the likelihood these graduates will return to their home country. This volume also examines the role of the US higher education system and of US visa policy in attracting foreign students for graduate study and retaining them after graduation.

Reallocating Resources

Reallocating Resources
Author: Allan Odden
Publisher: Corwin Press
Total Pages: 124
Release: 2001
Genre: Education
ISBN: 9780761976530

Chapter 1, "Step 1: The Change Process," focuses on the change process and describes why and how schools engage in program restructuring and resource allocation. Chapter 2, "Step 2: Defining a New Educational Strategy," discusses decisions that must be made about the regular education program and how the various schools adopted, adapted or created curriculum and instructional strategies. Chapter 3, "Step 3: Organizing and Staffing the School to Support the New Educational Strategy," shows how core educational strategy decisions determine the cost structure of schools. It addresses such issues as student grouping, class size, planning and preparation time, and professional development. Chapter 4, "Step 4: Deciding How to Serve Students Who Need Extra Help," describes the resource requirements of choices for serving special needs students, including expensive new strategies funded through resource allocation. Chapter 5, "Step 5: Paying for the Changes," reviews the resource allocation strategies to pay for expensive new educational programs by such staff categories as regular classroom teachers, regular education specialists, remedial specialists, pupil support specialists, instructional aides, and other staff. Chapter 6, "Step 6: Effects of Resource Reallocation and District Roles to Support Such Change," examines how reallocation and restructuring strategies at two schools helped increase student achievement. (Contains 87 references.) (TEJ)

The Innovative Business School

The Innovative Business School
Author: Daphne Halkias
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 142
Release: 2020-11-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1000286673

The Innovative Business School formulates a blueprint for the innovative business school of the next decade, with proposed areas of innovation which will train executives to transform the coming technological disruptions into an avenue for world economic development and prosperity. Offering a new model of business education, the book maps the way forward for business school innovators in exploring questions related to innovation and strategy needed on the part of academic and industry leaders and educators across demographic divides. The chapters cover an overall international and cross-cultural approach in examining the factors at play for business schools of the future and the challenges they face across a range of megatrends affecting today’s business environment. The authors impress the need for stakeholders to strategically engage others in the business and education ecosystems through commitment to experimentation, innovation, and sustainable business strategy. Identifying such opportunities for development of a new model for business schools is important to educators and policymakers in preparing to leverage and contribute to existing megatrends to create shared value for regional economies and in new directions. The Innovative Business School is written for business schools’ management and decision-makers, related stakeholders, universities, accreditation agencies, and postgraduate students.

Institutional Innovation in Higher Education Resource Allocation in China's Transitional Economy

Institutional Innovation in Higher Education Resource Allocation in China's Transitional Economy
Author: Kang Ning
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
Total Pages: 545
Release: 2016-03-11
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1259644618

The Essential Guide to Allocating Resources and Improving Higher Education in China’s New Economy From 1978 to 2008, China has experienced a remarkable thirty-year period of economic reform and social transformation. In this time, enrollment in higher education increased by 34 times from 856,000 students to more than 29 million. Six years later, the number rose to more than 35 million, with a gross enrollment of 37.5%. What has led to such a rapid expansion of China’s higher education? What can we learn from the changes we’ve seen? How should we allocate resources to build a better future? In this powerful and illuminating study, based on years of research, Professor Ning Kang reveals: * How China’s higher education system has evolved with China’s economy * Which factors, trends, and characteristics of educational institutions have the greatest impact on resource distribution * How changes in the economy conform to a “rule of the sea” that directly affects higher education * How modern universities can adjust organizational structures to comply with economic and governmental changes * How China’s institutions can allocate resources to drive innovation, optimize potential, and create new opportunities Filled with detailed studies, academic assessments, and measured analysis, this book examines three decades of unprecedented change and growth in China’s higher education system during its most dramatic time of economic transition. Professor Ning Kang draws from her vast experience as a university teacher, a Ministry of Education spokesperson, and the head of China Education Television to create an in-depth portrait of the nation’s higher education institutions—as well as a powerful new model for the most effective allocation of China’s resources. Thought-provoking, eye-opening, and brilliantly researched, this book will help educators and administrators understand China’s past successes in the higher education market—and forge a new path for China’s future.

Creating a Culture of Mindful Innovation in Higher Education

Creating a Culture of Mindful Innovation in Higher Education
Author: Michael Lanford
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Total Pages: 237
Release: 2022-06-01
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1438487649

Higher education institutions have traditionally nurtured artistic and scientific development and served as catalysts for innovative ideas and products. However, contemporary discourse too often relegates the concept of innovation to the private sector, where the rhetoric of "disruption" frequently reduces innovation to economic terms. As a result, innovations that could benefit society instead exacerbate existing inequities, and the environmental factors that stimulate long-term innovative progress are neglected. Creating a Culture of Mindful Innovation in Higher Education offers a different vision by identifying the conditions that enable college and university administrators, faculty, and staff to promote an innovative institutional culture. Mindful innovation is defined through six central tenets: societal impact; the necessity of failure; creativity through diversity; respect for autonomy and expertise; thoughtful consideration for the dimensions of time, efficiency, and trust; and the incentivization of intrinsic motivation and progress over scare tactics and disruption. Michael Lanford and William G. Tierney offer a clearheaded analysis of the challenges and opportunities in creating a culture of mindful innovation and argue that the institutions that do so will be poised to lead entrepreneurial endeavors, scientific progress, and greater social equity in the twenty-first century.

Serving the New Majority Student

Serving the New Majority Student
Author: Eric Malm
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Total Pages: 127
Release: 2018-03-06
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1475836023

Much of higher education was originally designed to meet the needs of full time 18-22 year-old students who enter directly from high school. However, the New Majority of our students are older, likely to swirl among institutions, and have significant adult responsibilities outside of the classroom. The New Majority Student: Working from Within to Transform Higher Education is a call to transform colleges and universities to meet the academic and student experience needs of New Majority students and for adult educators to become advocates, allies, and resources for needed reforms. Book contributors, including faculty, staff and administrators at public, private and community colleges, provide insights for this transformation. The bookutilizes a business perspective to academic transformation, providing a guide to how universities can redefine and restructure their education product to meet student needs. Taking a Human Centered Design approach, the contributors provide frameworks and examples of how institutions can reallocate technology, effort (internal, external, student, faculty) and finances to reimagine programs and ensure long term institutional health.