Economic Energy And Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impacts Of Proposed 2017 2025 Vehicle Fuel Economy Standards In The United States
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Author | : Valerie J. Karplus |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 16 |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Increases in the U.S. Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards for 2017 to 2025 model year light-duty vehicles are currently under consideration. This analysis uses an economy-wide model with detail in the passenger vehicle fleet to evaluate the economic, energy use, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions impacts associated with year-on-year increases in new vehicle fuel economy targets of 3%, 4%, 5%, or 6%, which correspond to the initially proposed rates of increase for the 2017 to 2025 CAFE rulemaking. We find that across the range of targets proposed, the average welfare cost of a policy constraint increases non-linearly with target stringency, because the policy targets proposed require increasingly costly changes to vehicles in the near term. Further, we show that the economic and GHG emissions impacts of combining a fuel tax with fuel economy standards could be positive or negative, depending on underlying technology costs. We find that over the period 2015 to 2030, a 5% CAFE policy would reduce gasoline use by about 25 billion gallons per year, reduce CO2 emissions by approximately 190 million metric tons per year, and cost $25 billion per year (net present value in 2004 USD), relative to a No Policy baseline.
Author | : Valerie J. Karplus |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 8 |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Increases in the U.S. Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards for light-duty vehicles for the 2017 to 2025 model years are currently under consideration. This analysis used an economywide model with detail in the passenger vehicle fleet to evaluate the impacts of economic, energy use, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with year-on-year increases in new targets for vehicle fuel economy of 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6%, which corresponded to the initially proposed rates of increase for the 2017 to 2025 CAFE rulemaking. The results revealed that, across the range of targets proposed, the average welfare cost of a policy constraint increased nonlinearly with target stringency because the proposed policy targets would require increasingly costly changes to vehicles in the near term. Further, the results showed that the impacts on the economy and GHG emissions of combining a fuel tax with fuel economy standards could be positive or negative, as those impacts would depend on underlying technology costs. Finally, the results suggested that over the period from 2015 to 2030, a 5% CAFE policy could reduce gasoline use by about 25 billion gal/year, reduce CO2 emissions by approximately 190 million metric tons per year, and cost $25 billion per year (net present value in 2004 dollars), relative to a no-policy baseline.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 181 |
Release | : 2002-01-29 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309170567 |
Since CAFE standards were established 25 years ago, there have been significant changes in motor vehicle technology, globalization of the industry, the mix and characteristics of vehicle sales, production capacity, and other factors. This volume evaluates the implications of these changes as well as changes anticipated in the next few years, on the need for CAFE, as well as the stringency and/or structure of the CAFE program in future years.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 812 |
Release | : 2015-09-28 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309373913 |
The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.
Author | : Susan Fleming |
Publisher | : DIANE Publishing |
Total Pages | : 64 |
Release | : 2010-08 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 1437931693 |
In May 2009, the U.S. announced plans to increase the Nat. Highway Traffic Safety Admin. (NHTSA) corp. average fuel econ. (CAFE) standards and establish the EPA greenhouse gas emissions standards for vehicles. NHTSA redesigned CAFE standards for light trucks for model years 2008-11. Experts raised questions about the rigor of the computer modeling NHTSA used to develop these standards. This report reviewed: (1) the design of NHTSA and EPA's standards; (2) how they are collaborating to set these standards; (3) improvements compared to a previous rulemaking NHTSA made to the modeling; and (4) the extent to which NHTSA analyzed the effects of past light truck standards and the accuracy of data used to set them. Charts and tables.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 482 |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 399 |
Release | : 2020-05-15 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309496381 |
Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, "medium- and heavy-duty vehicles", or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. This study is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs. On September 15, 2011, NHTSA and EPA finalized joint Phase I rules to establish a comprehensive Heavy-Duty National Program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption for on-road medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. As NHTSA and EPA began working on a second round of standards, the National Academies issued another report, Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report, providing recommendations for the Phase II standards. This third and final report focuses on a possible third phase of regulations to be promulgated by these agencies in the next decade.
Author | : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Transportation and Air Quality. Assessment and Standards Division |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 555 |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : Automobiles |
ISBN | : |
Author | : United States. General Accounting Office |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 56 |
Release | : 1980 |
Genre | : Automobiles |
ISBN | : |
Author | : United States. Government Accountability Office |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 70 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : Automobile industry and trade |
ISBN | : |