Ecological Dynamics Of Tick Borne Zoonoses
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| Author | : Daniel E. Sonenshine |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
| Total Pages | : 464 |
| Release | : 1994 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0195073134 |
The ecological relationships found to exist between tick vectors and pathogens in their zootic cycle can profoundly influence patterns of transmission and disease for humans and domestic animals. This book examines the ecological parameters affecting the conservation and regulation of tick-borne zoonoses as well as the geographic and seasonal distributions of those infections. Written by an eminent authority on the subject, the book will be sought after by students and researchers in ecology, invertebrate zoology, parasitology, entomology, public health, and epidemiology.
| Author | : Daniel E. Sonenshine |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 464 |
| Release | : 1994-10-20 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0195360923 |
The ecological relationships found to exist between tick vectors and pathogens in their zootic cycle can profoundly influence patterns of transmission and disease for humans and domestic animals. This book examines the ecological parameters affecting the conservation and regulation of tick-borne zoonoses as well as the geographic and seasonal distributions of those infections. Written by an eminent authority on the subject, the book will be sought after by students and researchers in ecology, invertebrate zoology, parasitology, entomology, public health, and epidemiology.
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 560 |
| Release | : 2011-07-01 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309211093 |
A single tick bite can have debilitating consequences. Lyme disease is the most common disease carried by ticks in the United States, and the number of those afflicted is growing steadily. If left untreated, the diseases carried by ticks-known as tick-borne diseases-can cause severe pain, fatigue, neurological problems, and other serious health problems. The Institute of Medicine held a workshop October 11-12, 2010, to examine the state of the science in Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases.
| Author | : Scott Larson |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 113 |
| Release | : 2018 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Ticks and tick-borne diseases are a major concern in the US. Ixodes scapularis (Say) is the vector of multiple bacteria, protists, and viruses that cause human illness, including Lyme disease. While the ecological dynamics of the Lyme disease system have been well-studied in eastern oak forests, much less is known about the drivers and stability of patterns in other forest types and other regions of the United States. Wisconsin is a hotspot for Lyme disease and many emerging tick-borne pathogens. Eighty-eight sites in five maple-dominated forests were characterized by measuring the abundance of ticks and the prevalence of two common pathogens, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, in tick and small mammal hosts over three consecutive years. To identify biotic and abiotic factors that influenced the abundance of ticks and pathogens at both the forest and microgeographic scales, I collected data on the density of host-seeking ticks, the average number of ticks attached to small mammals, the abundance and types of small mammals, and the prevalence of infection at each site. In addition, remotely sensed and field-gathered data were collected, including: soil characteristics, vascular plant community characteristics, camera-trap records of medium and large mammals, earthworm activity, light intensity, and landscape parameters. Questing and on-host tick abundance varied considerably by year and forest. However, relative tick abundance was remarkably consistent across these northern Wisconsin forests. Two species of mice are common to northern Wisconsin forests, Peromyscus leucopus and P. maniculatus. Nearly all prior studies have focused on P. leucopus. I found that these two species play important yet different roles in the transmission and maintenance of tick-borne pathogens. The prevalence of B. burgdorferi was higher in P. leucopus than in P. maniculatus, whereas P. maniculatus was more commonly infected with the pathogen that causes human anaplasmosis. Interestingly, P. leucopus was always found to host more immature I. scapularis ticks than P. maniculatus regardless of forest or year. In summary, my research suggests that mouse species identity and microhabitat characteristics strongly influence the abundance of I. scapularis nymphs, pathogen prevalence, and human risk for tick-borne diseases in northern Wisconsin forests.
| Author | : Agustín Estrada-Peña |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 180 |
| Release | : 2015-02-24 |
| Genre | : Infectious and parasitic diseases |
| ISBN | : 288919406X |
Ticks are noticeable by the high diversity of pathogens they can transmit, most of them with implications in human and animal health. Ticks are arachnids, meaning that they do not share the biological and ecological features of the mosquitoes and other parasitic Diptera. The natural foci of tick-borne pathogens may be as large as a continent, or be restricted to small portions of a country, without apparently too many similar features. The life cycle of the ticks involved three developing instars. The precise relationships of ticks and their hosts, the specific seasonal pattern of activity of ticks, and the still poorly known molecular relationships between ticks and the pathogens they can transmit, make these vectors a specially fecund field of research. Importantly, extensive studies on the biological and ecological relationships of ticks and abiotic (climate and vegetation) conditions have revealed the fine-tuning of the ticks and the pathogens they transmit, together with the biological effects of host and the driving features by the climate. The studies on tick-transmitted pathogens have been on the rise in the last years. There is a growing interest in understand the somewhat complex relationships between the landscape, the climate, the vectors and the pathogens, because the concerns of spread, probably driven by subtle changes in climate and man made alterations of the landscape. Studies on Lyme borreliosis are addressing the interesting issue of the relationships between the climate, the tick activity patterns, and the selection of strains according to the reservoir availability. Furthermore, the expanding field of habitat suitability modeling has been applied with different degrees of success to evaluate and quantify the risk of disease transmission. In such exponentially growing field, revisionary books are clearly welcome additions to the bibliographical tools of researchers. It is however necessary the compilation of works devoted to explore the tip of the iceberg in the field of research. In this Research Topic, we wish to summarize and review the studies on ecology, molecular biology, and tick-host-pathogens interactions, provided to resolve the important issues of ticks and pathogens. We want not only the results obtained by newly developed molecular tools, but rigorous reviews of the most recent advances in these issues. This Topic will cover aspects of both human and animal health, with special interest on zoonoses. Aspects of the biology of the ticks, as affecting the transmission of pathogens, are of special interest in this Topic. Studies on ticks of the poorly known family Argasidae, as related to their involvement on pathogen transmission, are especially welcome. We also wish to describe the perspective of the field in the future. Finally, the presentation of ongoing original works is greatly encouraged.
| Author | : Pat Nuttall |
| Publisher | : CABI |
| Total Pages | : 589 |
| Release | : 2021-11-26 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1789249635 |
This book brings together expert opinions from scientists to consider the evidence for climate change and its impacts on ticks and tick-borne infections. It considers what is meant by 'climate change', how effective climate models are in relation to ecosystems, and provides predictions for changes in climate at global, regional and local scales relevant for ticks and tick-borne infections. It examines changes to tick distribution and the evidence that climate change is responsible. The effect of climate on the physiology and behaviour of ticks is stressed, including potentially critical impacts on the tick microbiome. Given that the notoriety of ticks derives from pathogens they transmit, the book considers whether changes in climate affect vector capacity. Ticks transmit a remarkable range of micro- and macro-parasites many of which are pathogens of humans and domesticated animals. The intimacy between a tick-borne agent and a tick vector means that any impacts of climate on a tick vector will impact tick-borne pathogens. Most obviously, such impacts will be apparent as changes in disease incidence and prevalence. The evidence that climate change is affecting diseases caused by tick-borne pathogens is considered, along with the potential to make robust predictions of future events.
| Author | : Jianhong Wu |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 160 |
| Release | : 2020-11-14 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 3030540243 |
This monograph introduces some current developments in the modelling of the spread of tick-borne diseases. Effective modelling requires the integration of multiple frameworks. Here, particular attention is given to the previously neglected issues of tick developmental and behavioral diapause, tick-borne pathogen co-feeding transmission, and their interactions. An introduction to the required basics of structured population formulations and delay differential equations is given, and topics for future study are suggested. The described techniques will also be useful in the study of other vector-borne diseases. The ultimate aim of this project is to develop a general qualitative framework leading to tick-borne disease risk predictive tools and a decision support system. The target audience is mathematical biologists interested in modelling tick population dynamics and tick-borne disease transmission, and developing computational tools for disease prevention and control.
| Author | : Nicholas Johnson |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 246 |
| Release | : 2023-01-07 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 032399847X |
Ticks: Biology, Ecology and Diseases provides a detailed overview of the fascinating world of tick biology and ecology. This book discusses disease transmission to humans and livestock, assesses the impact of human behavior and climate change on tick biology, and details how this will affect future disease transmission. Written by an expert on ticks and their transmitted diseases, this book explores the unique biology of ticks and how it influences the transmission of some of the most devastating diseases. In a series of detailed chapters, the book provides up-to-date information on the interrelationship between ticks and the vertebrates they feed on. In addition, the book covers information on recent scientific discoveries surrounding ticks, along with reviews on control methods and disease transmission. Other sections cover the recent emergence of tick-borne pathogens, making this book an ideal source for interested scientists, clinicians, veterinarians and experts in the field of tick biology. Offers an overview of tick anatomy to assist tick identification Provides a thorough and complete update on emerging tick-borne diseases Considers current and future options for controlling tick populations
| Author | : Thérese Janzén |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2024 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789189504707 |
Ticks and tick-borne diseases are ranking second only to mosquitoes as vectors of pathogens responsible for diseases in both humans and domestic animals. In the countries around the Baltic Sea, two medically important tick species are increasing both in range and abundance, and the public health threat posed by tick-borne diseases in this area is steadily growing. The aim of this thesis was to study the eco-epidemiological dynamics and mechanisms of ticks and bacterial tick-borne pathogens along the natural-urban gradient.??Green spaces have become important intersections between humans, domestic animals, ticks, and tick-borne pathogens. Along the natural-urban gradient in Stockholm County, Sweden, we examined the impact of green space characteristics on tickabundance and pathogens prevalence. In this study all questing ticks were molecularly identified as Ixodes ricinus. Questing ticks were abundant in natural and seminatural habitats, but also present in urbanized parks. Important drivers of tickabundance included significant negative effects of local vegetation height and positiveeffects of mixed coniferous forests in the surrounding landscape.??The prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was 24% and that of Anaplasma phagocytophilum 7.5%. B. miyamotoi was found at a few sites with a prevalence of 0.9%. The dominant B. burgdorferi (s.l.) genospecies was B. afzelii. Tree stem density had a significant positive effect on B. burgdorferi (s.l.) prevalence. Broadleaved forests and total forest edge had significant positive effects on A. phagocytophilum prevalence, persisting even in highly urbanized areas. The tick-borne disease equine granulocytic anaplasmosis (EGA) significant increased from 2002 to 2015, with a yearly peak in late summer and early fall.??The public health risk for tick-borne diseases in an urban green space was estimated from hazard data on tick abundances and pathogen prevalence combined with exposure data using residential population densities and green space visitor numbers. The results indicated a medium to high risk of tick-borne diseases at most sites. Structured interviews with visitors showed that even if visitors showed a high tick awareness and attempted to avoid ticks, most protective measures were only practiced during specific recreational activities.??The findings from this doctoral project show a notable risk of encountering ticks and tick-borne pathogens along the entire natural-urban gradient, even in highly urbanized areas traditionally perceived as having a low risk. The information on the eco-epidemiological drivers of EGA is important also for the medical health field since the agent causing EGA is identical to the agent causing human disease. Despite ticks and their pathogens green spaces still continue to play a vital role in public health, but the omnipresent risk of tick-borne diseases highlights the need for public health initiatives to mitigate this risk.
| Author | : Mowafak Dauod Salman |
| Publisher | : CABI |
| Total Pages | : 320 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1845938534 |
This book is comprised of 7 chapters covering the geographical distribution and control of ticks and tickborne diseases in the Euro-Asia region. Chapter 1 focuses on the factors behind the emergence and reemergence of tickborne diseases, highlighting the theme of environmental and climatic change and also the renewed interest in ticks and the diseases they transmit, which has been stimulated by an increased awareness of tickborne zoonoses. Chapter 2 describes the basic biology of a total of 25 important tick species endemic to part or all of the geographical region under consideration, and also includes short accounts of their life cycles, geographical distributions and significance as vectors. The factors responsible for the spread and distribution of ticks are considered in chapter 3, which include climate, land use, animal movement (both wild and domestic) and importation of exotic vertebrates. Tickborne infections are reviewed in chapter 4. The geographical distribution of tickborne pathogens is the focus of Chapter 5, in the form of maps with accompanying qualifying and illustrative comments. Chapter 6 addresses the distributions of the vector ticks. Chapter 7 addresses the surveillance and control of ticks and tickborne diseases. It includes a brief description of tick sampling methods, an introduction to the principles of surveillance and monitoring and control options for both ixodids and argasids.
