Earthquake Early Warning Systems
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| Author | : Paolo Gasparini |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 363 |
| Release | : 2007-08-10 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3540722416 |
The book provides information on the major EEW systems in operation and on the state-of-the-art of the different blocks forming an EW system: the rapid detection and estimation of the earthquake’s focal parameters, the signal transmission, the engineering interface and the information reliability/false alarm problem. It is the first time that so many aspects of EEW systems have been specifically focused upon within a single book.
| Author | : Jochen Zschau |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 774 |
| Release | : 2013-11-11 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642559034 |
Written for a broad audience this book offers a comprehensive account of early warning systems for hydro meteorological disasters such as floods and storms, and for geological disasters such as earthquakes. One major theme is the increasingly important role in early warning systems played by the rapidly evolving fields of space and information technology. The authors, all experts in their respective fields, offer a comprehensive and in-depth insight into the current and future perspectives for early warning systems. The text is aimed at decision-makers in the political arena, scientists, engineers and those responsible for public communication and dissemination of warnings.
| Author | : Friedemann Wenzel |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 382 |
| Release | : 2013-08-13 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642122337 |
The past years have seen new technologies that could be utilized for early warning and real-time loss estimation. They include self-organizing sensor networks, new satellite imagery with high resolution, multi-sensor observational capacities, and crowd sourcing. From this and improved physical models, data processing and communication methodologies a significant step towards better early warning technologies has been achieved by research. At the same time, early warning systems became part of the disaster management practice for instance in Japan and Indonesia. This book marks the important point where: Research activities continue to improve early warning Experience with applications is expanding At this critical point in development of early warning for geological disasters it is timely to provide a volume that documents the state-of-the-art, provides an overview on recent developments and serves as knowledge resource for researcher and practitioners.
| Author | : Simona Colombelli |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 316 |
| Release | : 2022-02-21 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 2889744469 |
| Author | : U. S. Military |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 116 |
| Release | : 2018-06-06 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781983095863 |
The United States is extremely vulnerable to catastrophic earthquakes. More than 143 million Americans may be threatened by damaging earthquakes in the next 50 years. This study argues that the United States is unprepared for the most catastrophic earthquakes the country faces today. Earthquake early warning systems are a major solution in practice to reduce economic risk, to protect property and the environment, and to save lives. Other countries have already built earthquake early warning systems, but only after they suffered devastating earthquakes. In the United States, ShakeAlert is the available solution, but it only operates on a test basis in California and still lacks sufficient capability and sustained funding to become operational. This study applies an input-output model of political systems theory to analyze how the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, which controls the development of ShakeAlert, functions in the United States. Using this model provides a framework for a discourse of the analysis to determine how the consequences of catastrophic earthquakes shape our decisions and policies for ShakeAlert.This study also examines what changes are required within our political system for ShakeAlert to launch as quickly as possible on a national scale and to allow for its sustained integration within the American preparedness culture. Perhaps most importantly, the implementation of ShakeAlert will help prepare the people, businesses, infrastructure, economies, and communities, hopefully before the next significant earthquake impacts the United States. Will the United States have to experience a devastating earthquake before implementing a solution that is recognized to save lives?I. INTRODUCTION * A. PROBLEM STATEMENT * B. RESEARCH QUESTIONS * C. RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE * D. METHODOLOGY * II. LITERATURE REVIEW * A. WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE EARLY WARNING SYSTEM? * B. EFFECTIVENESS OF EARTHQUAKE EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS * C. INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY: JAPAN EARTHQUAKE EARLY WARNING * D. THE NEED IN THE UNITED STATES * E. POLITICAL SYSTEMS THEORY: EASTON'S INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL * F. LITERATURE REVIEW CONCLUSION * III. U.S. STRATEGY TOWARD CATASTROPHIC EARTHQUAKES * A. CATASTROPHIC EARTHQUAKE ENVIRONMENTS * 1. Cascadia Subduction Zone--Northwest * 2. New Madrid Fault Zone--Midwest * 3. San Andreas Fault--California * 4. Wasatch Fault Zone--Utah * B. NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION PROGRAM * C. SHAKEALERT: EARTHQUAKE EARLY WARNING IN THE UNITED STATES * D. STRATEGY IN THE UNITED STATES CONCLUSION * IV. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS: NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION * A. DYNAMIC RESPONSE MODEL OF A POLITICAL SYSTEM * B. INPUTS: DEMANDS AND SUPPORT * C. NHERP POLITICAL SYSTEM: THE AUTHORITIES * 1. National Institute of Science and Technology * 2. Federal Emergency Management Agency * 3. United States Geological Survey * 4. National Science Foundation * D. OUTPUTS: DECISIONS AND POLICIES * E. INTRASOCIETAL ENVIRONMENT: ENTERPRISE FEEDBACK * F. EXTRASOCIETAL ENVIRONMENT: CONSUMER FEEDBACK * G. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS CONCLUSION * V. CONCLUSION * A. AUTHORITATIVE ALLOCATION OF EARTHQUAKE VALUES FOR SOCIETY * B. A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE * C. FUTURE RESEARCH CONSIDERATIONS
| Author | : Mihoko Sakurai |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 260 |
| Release | : 2021-05-06 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 981160360X |
Technological advances have helped to enhance disaster resilience through better risk reduction, response, mitigation, rehabilitation and reconstruction. In former times, it was local and traditional knowledge that was mainly relied upon for disaster risk reduction. Much of this local knowledge is still valid in today’s world, even though possibly in different forms and contexts, and local knowledge remains a shared part of life within the communities. In contrast, with the advent of science and technology, scientists and engineers have become owners of advanced technologies, which have contributed significantly to reducing disaster risks across the globe. This book analyses emerging technologies and their effects in enhancing disaster resilience. It also evaluates the gaps, challenges, capacities required and the way forward for future disaster management. A wide variety of technologies are addressed, focusing specifically on new technologies such as cyber physical systems, geotechnology, drone, and virtual reality (VR)/ augmented reality (AR). Other sets of emerging advanced technologies including an early warning system and a decision support system are also reported on. Moreover, the book provides a variety of discussions regarding information management, communication, and community resilience at the time of a disaster. This book’s coverage of different aspects of new technologies makes it a valuable resource for students, researchers, academics, policymakers, and development practitioners.
| Author | : George R. Daglish |
| Publisher | : AuthorHouse |
| Total Pages | : 375 |
| Release | : 2018-12-23 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1728382335 |
After the great tsunami of 2004 and the earthquake in Sichuan, China, in 2008, two big thinkers knew they must try to prevent the damage inflicted by surprise earthquakes. George R. Daglish and Iurii P. Sizov teamed up to create an experimental seismic software system that contains application areas for inclusion in an earthquake early warning software structure. In this book, they highlight the work they’ve done thus far. The algorithms can be grouped into several main types: planar earth calculations to determine epicenters; calculations over a spherical earth model to determine epicenters; rapid tabular scans to determine epicenters and hypocenters concurrently, using either spherical or spheroidal earth geometry directly; and hypocenter scans using spheroidal earth geometry. The authors also describe the testing of all members of the grouping, using real earthquake data. They assess the timing and accuracy of each against received and current results taken from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology archive. If the world doesn’t take concerted action to predict and track earthquakes, the consequences will be unthinkable, which is why we must work toward real-time earthquake tracking and localization.
| Author | : Madhavi Latha Gali |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 763 |
| Release | : 2020-08-13 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9811562334 |
This volume comprises select papers presented during the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2018. This volume discusses concepts of soil dynamics and studies related to earthquake geotechnical engineering, slope stability, and landslides. The papers presented in this volume analyze failures connected to geotechnical and geological origins to improve professional practice, codes of analysis and design. This volume will prove useful to researchers and practitioners alike.
| Author | : Daniela Molinari |
| Publisher | : WIT Press |
| Total Pages | : 197 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1845646886 |
Presenting the results of an ambitious research activity this book intends to understand why Early Warning Systems (EWSs) fail. However, from the beginning, the objective turned out to be challenging; first, because, so far, there is not a shared understanding of what an EWS is (among both researchers and practitioners communities); second, as a consequence, because it is equally unclear when an EWS can be considered successful or not. Due to this, the research needed first to face some “open questions” instead of going straight to the point under investigation. Specifically, it was first necessary to define EWS, identify its components and functions, peculiarities, and weak points. Only at that point, a first attempt to evaluate EWS performance was possible. Flood Early Warning Systems Performance is organised according to the conceptual steps required by the research. In part I the “open questions” about the definition and the role of EWSs are handled, the aim being the identification of how to evaluate their effectiveness/performance. Part II focuses on the real aim of the research, providing concepts and tools to assess EWS performance; suggested tools are also implemented in a case study to describe how they can be applied in practice. Focusing specifically on the topic of flood risk in mountainous regions, the book can be viewed as a sort of manual for EWS designers, managers, and users. It is organised into different independent sections which will appeal both to experts as well as those with an interest in the subject. Most of results can also be exported to other hazards.
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 143 |
| Release | : 2018-04-19 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309467403 |
Following a series of natural disasters, including Hurricane Katrina, that revealed shortcomings in the nation's ability to effectively alert populations at risk, Congress passed the Warning, Alert, and Response Network (WARN) Act in 2006. Today, new technologies such as smart phones and social media platforms offer new ways to communicate with the public, and the information ecosystem is much broader, including additional official channels, such as government social media accounts, opt-in short message service (SMS)-based alerting systems, and reverse 911 systems; less official channels, such as main stream media outlets and weather applications on connected devices; and unofficial channels, such as first person reports via social media. Traditional media have also taken advantage of these new tools, including their own mobile applications to extend their reach of beyond broadcast radio, television, and cable. Furthermore, private companies have begun to take advantage of the large amounts of data about users they possess to detect events and provide alerts and warnings and other hazard-related information to their users. More than 60 years of research on the public response to alerts and warnings has yielded many insights about how people respond to information that they are at risk and the circumstances under which they are most likely to take appropriate protective action. Some, but not all, of these results have been used to inform the design and operation of alert and warning systems, and new insights continue to emerge. Emergency Alert and Warning Systems reviews the results of past research, considers new possibilities for realizing more effective alert and warning systems, explores how a more effective national alert and warning system might be created and some of the gaps in our present knowledge, and sets forth a research agenda to advance the nation's alert and warning capabilities.
