Durability And Fatigue Behavior Of Cip Concrete Connections For Accelerated Bridge Construction
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| Author | : Peng Zhu |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 123 |
| Release | : 2010 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Continuous longitudinal and transverse U-bar joint connections between flanges of the decked bulb-Ts (DBTs) or between precast panels for accelerated bridge construction are investigated. The procedure for selecting durable closure pour (CP) materials for the connections is discussed firstly. The accelerated construction is quantified as two categories: overnight cure and 7-day cure of CP materials. Candidate materials are selected first based on literature review as well as tests of compressive strength and flow and workability. Then, performance criteria for selecting durable CP materials for both categories are developed based on durability tests of selected candidate materials. These durability tests include freezing-and-thawing durability, shrinkage, bond, and permeability tests. To investigate the longitudinal U-bar joint details, four pairs of full-scale slabs connected by a U-bar detail with one of the selected CP materials, overnight cure and 7-day cure, were tested. The loading demand necessary in the slab testing is determined based on the maximum forces in the longitudinal joint from an analytical parametric study. Static and fatigue tests under four-point flexural loading and three-point flexural-shear loading were conducted. Test results were evaluated based on flexural capacity, curvature behavior, cracking, deflection and steel strain. The transverse U-bar joint details are investigated to provide negative moment continuity in the multi-span bridges. Four full-scale specimens connected by a U-bar detail with one of the selected CP materials, overnight cure and 7-day cure, were tested. Static and fatigue tests under tension loading were conducted. The loading demand necessary in the beam testing is determined based on the maximum forces in the transverse joint from an analytical study. Test results were evaluated based on tension capacity, cracking, displacement and steel strain. Based on the test results, the developed longitudinal and transverse U-bar joint details are viable connection systems.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : Transportation Research Board |
| Total Pages | : 65 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0309213436 |
TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 698: Application of Accelerated Bridge Construction Connections in Moderate-to-High Seismic Regions evaluates the performance of connection details for bridge members in accelerated bridge construction in medium-to-high seismic regions and offers suggestions for further research.
| Author | : Gercelino Ramos |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) has gained substantial popularity in new bridge construction and bridge deck replacement because it offers innovative construction techniques that result in time and cost savings when compared to traditional bridge construction practice. One technology commonly implemented in ABC to effectively execute its projects is the use of prefabricated bridge components (precast/prestressed bridge components). Precast/prestressed bridge components are fabricated offsite or near the site and then connected on-site using small volume closure pour connections. Diaphragms are also commonly used to strengthen the connection between certain prefabricated components used in ABC, such as beam elements. Bridges containing closure pour connections and diaphragms can be designed using AASHTO LRFD live-load distribution factor formulas under the condition that the bridge must be sufficiently connected. However, these formulas were developed using analytical models that did not account for the effects of closure pours and diaphragms on live-load distribution. This research study investigates live-load distribution characteristics of precast/prestressed concrete bridges with closure pour connections and diaphragms. The investigation was conducted using finite element bridge models with closure pour joints that were calibrated using experimental data and different configuration of diaphragms. The concrete material used for the closure pour connections was developed as part of a larger project intended to develop high early-strength concrete mixtures that specifically reach strength in only 12 hours, a critical requirement for ABC projects.
| Author | : Venkateswara B. Rao |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 308 |
| Release | : 1986 |
| Genre | : Concrete bridges |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Daniel Bridi Valentim |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2023 |
| Genre | : Electronic dissertations |
| ISBN | : |
A relatively new type of beam falling under the accelerated bridge construction (ABC) umbrella, the Northeast Extreme Tee (NEXT) D beam, was designed by the PCI Northeast Bridge Technical Committee, with connection details that substitute traditional welded ties joining butted-beam systems, such as bulb-tee girders and double-tee beams. Grout has traditionally been used in joints between prefabricated bridge elements and systems (PBES). This material, however, has resulted in issues with shear key cracking reported by the Federal Highway Administration. An alternative cementitious material, ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), has been used as a great solution for connections between PBES in ABC. This material exhibits superior properties such as compressive, tensile, and bond strength, durability, and long-term stability when compared to conventional connection materials. Three main studies are presented herein. The first study presents a tensile strength evaluation of 54 UHPC specimens by comparing the direct tension (DT), four-point bending, and double-edge wedge-splitting (DEWS) test methods. No statistically significant difference was found between the peak tensile strengths obtained from DT and DEWS specimens. DEWS specimens are tested using a compression-testing machine, and can be cored and finished from existing UHPC members. The second study evaluates the bond-slip behavior of UHPC and untensioned prestressing strands. The variables studied in the 54 tested pull-out specimens include clear cover, embedment length, and strand diameter (dPT). It was observed that specimens that experienced strand failure had an embedment length of at least 24×dPT or clear cover distance of 2.17×dPT. The third study investigates the behavior of NEXT D beams under fatigue loading. Four double-tee and four slab specimens were subjected to 1 million cycles under AASHTO standard wheel truck loads. Moreover, finite element analyses (FEAs) were performed, effectively simulating the tested specimens, and a 60-ft. long bridge model was created to simulate a constructed bridge in Mobile County, Alabama. It was observed that an 8-in. (203-mm) wide UHPC joint with a single reinforcement layer containing straight #5 bars, an 8-in. (203-mm) embedment length, and spaced every 6 in. (152 mm) had satisfactory performance according to results from experimental testing and FEAs.
| Author | : Stephanie Castine |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Accelerated bridge construction (ABC) has become a popular alternative to using traditional construction techniques in new bridge construction and existing bridge deck replacement because of the reduction of time spent in field activities. A key feature of bridges built using ABC techniques is the extensive use of prefabricated components. Prefabricated components are joined in the field using small volume closure pours involving high performance materials (steel and concrete) to ensure adequate transfer of forces between components. To date, the materials developed for closure pours have been based on proprietary components, so a need has arisen for development of mixes that use generic components. The goal of this research was to create a method to develop concrete mixtures that are designed using generic constituents and that satisfy performance requirements of accelerated bridge construction closure pours in New England, primarily high early strength and long-term durability. Two concrete mixtures were developed with a primary goal of reaching high-early strength while maintaining constructability. The secondary goal of the concrete mixtures was to be durable; therefore, measures were taken during the development of the concrete mixture to generate a mixture that also had durable properties.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 36 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Concrete bridges |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Carolyn Donohoe |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2022 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The use of prefabricated superstructure elements in bridge construction reduces on-site construction time, improves work-zone safety, and can reduce overall project costs. For prefabricated elements to be used efficiently for accelerated bridge construction (ABC), the precast components, such as deck panels or decked-bulb tees, must be connected quickly on-site, ideally using as little additional material as possible. The use of fiber-reinforced polymer concrete (FRPC) was explored as a closure pour material for bridges to connect adjacent precast superstructure elements. Polymer concretes have been used successfully as a non-structural overlay material in transportation systems for many decades. With the addition of fibers, FRPC displays levels of two critical characteristics, bond and tension strength, that are comparable to other alternatives, such as ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). While UHPC may still provide the best solution in many instances, FRPC has the advantage of requiring shorter closure windows (approximately 4 hours versus 72 hours for UHPC) due to the very rapid strength gain of the polymer, which could be ideal for overnight construction or rehabilitation projects. The bond and mechanical properties of FRPC were determined at several temperatures, spanning the range of typical service conditions in western Washington State. Tests were completed measuring the compressive, flexural, and bond strength of FRPC. Then, a central composite rotatable experimental design was utilized to explore the impact of splice length, side cover, bar size, and temperature on bar stress in non-contact splice specimens. The test setup was similar to that completed by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) with UHPC. The results of the testing program indicate that FRPC exhibits significant variation in mechanical properties with temperature, roughly -0.6 %/°F; the development of early compressive, flexure, and bond strengths were very similar, reaching roughly 70% of their 7-day values in 4 hours; and peak bar stresses in non-contact lap splices embedded in FRPC were comparable to UHPC for the embedded lengths tested. Based on the testing results, example joint configurations for connecting precast superstructure elements were developed, enabling the comparison of FRPC with alternative closure pour materials for future ABC projects.
| Author | : Benjamin A. Graybeal |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 8 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Bridges |
| ISBN | : |
The use of prefabricated concrete bridge deck components can offer many advantages over conventional cast-in-place construction techniques. However, completing the overall bridge system requires the installation of connecting elements. The state of the practice for these connecting elements has been deficient in resilience, durability, and ease of construction. An ongoing research effort at FHWA, in conjunction with partners from the New York State and Iowa Departments of Transportation, is focused on engaging the advantageous properties of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) to develop a new type of detail applicable to deck-level connections between prefabricated modular bridge components. This physical testing program investigated the structural performance of a field-cast UHPC connection under repeated truck wheel loading. The connection—150 mm (5.9 in.) thick and 152 mm (6 in.) wide—was designed as a noncontact lap splice with straight 16M (No. 5) steel reinforcement. After more than 11 million structural-loading cycles at progressively increasing load levels, individual bars within the connection began to fail in metal fatigue. The stress range in the reinforcement at initial fatigue failure was conservatively estimated at 197 MPa (28.6 ksi). No debonding or slippage of reinforcement was observed. The performance of this connection detail demonstrated the types of details that can be developed and deployed with field-cast UHPC.
| Author | : Benjamin A. Graybeal |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 106 |
| Release | : 2010 |
| Genre | : Bridges |
| ISBN | : |
"The use of modular bridge deck components has the potential to produce higher quality, more durable bridge decks; however, the required connections have often proved lacking, resulting in less than desirable overall system performance. Advanced cementitious composite materials whose mechanical and durability properties far exceed those of conventional concretes present an opportunity to significantly enhance the performance of field-cast connections thus facilitating the wider use of modular bridge deck systems. Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) represents a class of such advanced cementitious composite materials. Of particular interest here, UHPCs can exhibit both exceptional bond when cast against previously cast concrete and can significantly shorten the development length of embedded discrete steel reinforcement. These properties allow for a redesign of the modular component connection, facilitating simplified construction and enhanced long-term system performance. This study investigated the structural performance of field-cast UHPC connections for modular bridge deck components. The transverse and longitudinal connection specimens simulated the connections between precast deck panels and the connections between the top flanges of deck-bulb-tee girders, respectively. Testing included both cyclic and static loadings. The results demonstrated that the field-cast UHPC connection facilitates the construction of an emulative bridge deck system whose behaviors should meet or exceed those of a conventional cast-in-place bridge deck"--Technical report documentation page.
