Does Equity-Based Compensation Increase Managers' Ownership?

Does Equity-Based Compensation Increase Managers' Ownership?
Author: Eli Ofek
Publisher:
Total Pages: 40
Release: 2008
Genre:
ISBN:

We find that executives sell shares of previously owned stock after receiving equity-based incentive compensation, counteracting boards' attempts to tie their wealth to firm value. Executives sell stock during years in which they receive new stock options or restricted stock, and some evidence indicates further selling over time if options move into-the-money. When options are exercised, managers sell a large majority of shares acquired. Effects are strongest for executives who already hold many shares, while stock-based compensation does appear to increase the holdings of managers with low ownership. Although valuation theorists who study executive compensation frequently assume that executives cannot hedge the risks of stock-based pay, our research provides evidence to the contrary.

Taking Stock

Taking Stock
Author: Eli Ofek
Publisher:
Total Pages: 28
Release: 1999
Genre:
ISBN:

We find that executives sell shares of previously owned stock after receiving equity-based incentive compensation, counteracting boards' attempts to tie their wealth to firm value. Executives sell stock during years in which they receive new stock options or restricted stock, and some evidence indicates further selling over time if options move into-the-money. When options are exercised, managers sell a large majority of shares acquired. Effects are strongest for executives who already hold many shares, while stock-based compensation does appear to increase the holdings of managers with low ownership. Although valuation theorists who study executive compensation frequently assume that executives cannot hedge the risks of stock-based pay, our research provides evidence to the contrary.

Taking Stock

Taking Stock
Author: Eli Ofek
Publisher:
Total Pages: 43
Release: 1997
Genre: Employee stock options
ISBN:

Why Do CEOS Increase Their Equity-Based Compensation? Because They Have to

Why Do CEOS Increase Their Equity-Based Compensation? Because They Have to
Author: Nishant Dass
Publisher:
Total Pages: 42
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:

We study whether firms tend to make the compensation of their managers dependent on the relative level of valuation. We consider compensation in the sample period between 1992 and 2003 and show that an increase in company valuation leads to an increase in the pay-for-performance sensitivity. This is rejecting the hypothesis that managers skim the company by setting their own compensation in a way consistent with the market timing theory. However our findings are consistent with the interpretation that this increase in the pay-for-performance sensitivity and increase in equity-based compensation is a way for effective boards to incentivize CEOs in the light of uncertainty whether the high valuation is due to the ability of the managers or due to luck. We find that firms with better governance are more likely to make their managers' compensation more sensitive to performance if the firm displays a high market-to-book ratio relative to its past or relative to the industry. We also find that firms which increase the compensation of their managers experience a price decrease in the following months, suggesting that the board is successfully timing the market or that their doubts about the high market-to-book ratio being due to skill was justified.

Passing the Baton

Passing the Baton
Author: Richard F. Vancil
Publisher: Harvard Business Review Press
Total Pages: 352
Release: 1987
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

Shared Capitalism at Work

Shared Capitalism at Work
Author: Douglas L. Kruse
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 433
Release: 2010-06-15
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0226056961

The historical relationship between capital and labor has evolved in the past few decades. One particularly noteworthy development is the rise of shared capitalism, a system in which workers have become partial owners of their firms and thus, in effect, both employees and stockholders. Profit sharing arrangements and gain-sharing bonuses, which tie compensation directly to a firm’s performance, also reflect this new attitude toward labor. Shared Capitalism at Work analyzes the effects of this trend on workers and firms. The contributors focus on four main areas: the fraction of firms that participate in shared capitalism programs in the United States and abroad, the factors that enable these firms to overcome classic free rider and risk problems, the effect of shared capitalism on firm performance, and the impact of shared capitalism on worker well-being. This volume provides essential studies for understanding the increasingly important role of shared capitalism in the modern workplace.

Executive Compensation Structure and the Motivations for Seasoned Equity Offerings

Executive Compensation Structure and the Motivations for Seasoned Equity Offerings
Author: Eric R. Brisker
Publisher:
Total Pages: 45
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:

We hypothesize that managers who receive high equity-based compensation have greater incentive to avoid ownership dilution by timing their seasoned equity offers to periods when investors temporarily overvalue their stock. We provide empirical support for this hypothesis using a measure of equity-based compensation that reflects the sensitivity of the top five executives' wealth (based on ownership of stock, options, and restricted shares) to a 1% change in stock price. We find that firms associated with high equity-based compensation for top executives experience abnormally low stock returns and relatively unfavorable changes in operating performance in the three-year period following the issue. Overall, the findings support the premise that managers whose wealth is most sensitive to stock price changes are more likely to act in the interest of current shareholders by issuing equity when they believe their stock is overvalued.

Pay Without Performance

Pay Without Performance
Author: Lucian A. Bebchuk
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 308
Release: 2004
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780674020634

The company is under-performing, its share price is trailing, and the CEO gets...a multi-million-dollar raise. This story is familiar, for good reason: as this book clearly demonstrates, structural flaws in corporate governance have produced widespread distortions in executive pay. Pay without Performance presents a disconcerting portrait of managers' influence over their own pay--and of a governance system that must fundamentally change if firms are to be managed in the interest of shareholders. Lucian Bebchuk and Jesse Fried demonstrate that corporate boards have persistently failed to negotiate at arm's length with the executives they are meant to oversee. They give a richly detailed account of how pay practices--from option plans to retirement benefits--have decoupled compensation from performance and have camouflaged both the amount and performance-insensitivity of pay. Executives' unwonted influence over their compensation has hurt shareholders by increasing pay levels and, even more importantly, by leading to practices that dilute and distort managers' incentives. This book identifies basic problems with our current reliance on boards as guardians of shareholder interests. And the solution, the authors argue, is not merely to make these boards more independent of executives as recent reforms attempt to do. Rather, boards should also be made more dependent on shareholders by eliminating the arrangements that entrench directors and insulate them from their shareholders. A powerful critique of executive compensation and corporate governance, Pay without Performance points the way to restoring corporate integrity and improving corporate performance.

Executive Compensation and Shareholder Value

Executive Compensation and Shareholder Value
Author: Jennifer Carpenter
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 159
Release: 2013-04-17
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1475751923

Executive compensation has gained widespread public attention in recent years, with the pay of top U.S. executives reaching unprecedented levels compared either with past levels, with the remuneration of top executives in other countries, or with the wages and salaries of typical employees. The extraordinary levels of executive compensation have been achieved at a time when U.S. public companies have realized substantial gains in stock market value. Many have cited this as evidence that U.S. executive compensation works well, rewarding managers who make difficult decisions that lead to higher shareholder values, while others have argued that the overly generous salaries and benefits bear little relation to company performance. Recent conceptual and empirical research permits for the first time a truly rigorous debate on these and related issues, which is the subject of this volume.