Diversity Genetics And Health Benefits Of Sorghum Grain
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| Author | : Davina Rhodes |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 167 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : Anti-inflammatory agents |
| ISBN | : |
Staple cereal crops provide the majority of nutrients to the world's population, and thus, can significantly impact human nutrition and health. Phenotypic and genetic diversity within a crop can be useful for biofortification and crop improvement, but quantitative phenotyping is needed to identify varieties with high or low concentrations of a nutrient of interest, and to identify alleles responsible for quantitative trait variation of the nutrient. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a diverse and widely adapted cereal crop that provides food for more than 500 million people in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, and is becoming increasingly popular in specialty grain products in the United States. Sorghum is a valuable resource for nutrient diversity, as adaptation to different environments has led to extensive phenotypic and genetic diversity in the crop. Many sorghum varieties are rich in flavonoids, primarily 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and proanthocyanidins, which appear to protect against chronic inflammatory diseases. Most studies have only explored the health benefits of a small number of sorghum accessions, but over 45,000 sorghum accessions exist in crop gene banks. A large genetically diverse sorghum panel can be used to identify varieties with high concentrations of flavonoids and to explore the effects of natural variation of sorghum flavonoids on inflammation. This same resource can also be used to identify varieties with high concentrations of protein, fat, or starch, which can lead to improved nutritional value of sorghum grain. The overall aim of my dissertation project was to quantify sorghum flavonoids and identify allelic variants controlling them; quantify grain composition more broadly (protein, fat, and starch) and identify allelic variants controlling them; and investigate anti-inflammatory properties of sorghum extracts with contrasting levels of flavonoids. Using a large germplasm resource (USDA National Plant Germplasm System), highthroughput methods of phenotyping (near-infrared spectroscopy) and genotyping (genotyping-by-sequencing), association mapping (genome-wide association studies), and in vitro inflammation models, the work presented here provides new insights into the diversity, genetics, and anti-inflammatory properties of sorghum nutrients that are important to human health. It provides a survey of grain nutrient diversity in a large global panel of sorghum, identifies quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for underlying controls of these nutrients, and demonstrates that a larger variety of sorghum accessions than previously thought have anti-inflammatory properties.
| Author | : Aruna C |
| Publisher | : Woodhead Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 452 |
| Release | : 2018-08-22 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0081018800 |
Breeding Sorghum for Diverse End Uses is a comprehensive overview of all significant global efforts for the genetic improvement of sorghum, a major crop of many semi-arid nations that is suitable for a huge range of uses, from human food, to biofuels. Split into two main sections, the book initially reviews the genetic suitability of sorghum for breeding, also providing the history of the genetic improvement of the grain. Finally, other sections look at specific breeding programs that could be improved in a number of areas, including human food, animal feed and industrial usage. Readers in academics, research, plant genetics and sorghum development will find this resource of great value. In addition, it is essential reading for engineers who utilize sorghum for food, feed and industrial materials in industry. - Provides information on key advances in the genetic makeup of sorghum - Allows plant breeders to apply this research to effectively breed new strains of sorghum that are dependent on final usage goals - Includes the latest findings in each section to orient researchers to plans for future genetic enhancement
| Author | : Vilas A. Tonapi |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 932 |
| Release | : 2021-01-04 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9811582491 |
Sorghum is the most important cereal crop grown in the semi-arid tropics (SAT) of Africa, Asia, Australia and Americas for food, feed, fodder and fuel. It is the fifth most important cereal crop globally after rice, wheat, maize and barley, and plays a major role in global food security. Sorghum is consumed in different forms for various end-uses. Its grain is mostly used directly for food purposes. After the release of the proceedings of two international symposia in the form of books “Sorghum in Seventies” and “Sorghum in Eighties”, global sorghum research and development have not been documented at one place. Of course, few books on sorghum have been released that focus on specific issues/research areas, but comprehensive review of all aspects of recent development in different areas of sorghum science has not been compiled in the form a single book. This book is intended to fill in a void to bridge the gap by documenting all aspects of recent research and development in sorghum encompassing all the progress made, milestones achieved across globe in genetic diversity assessment, crop improvement and production, strategies for high yield, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, grain and stover quality aspects, storage, nutrition, health and industrial applications, biotechnological applications to increase production, including regional and global policy perspectives and developmental needs. This book will be an institutional effort to compile all the latest information generated in research and development in sorghum across the globe at one place.
| Author | : Yi-Hong Wang |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 368 |
| Release | : 2014-07-08 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1482210088 |
Sorghum is one of the hardiest crop plants in modern agriculture and also one of the most versatile. Its seeds provide calorie for food and feed, stalks for building and industrial materials and its juice for syrup. This book provides an in-depth review of the cutting-edge knowledge in sorghum genetics and its applications in sorghum breeding. Each chapter is authored by specialists in their fields to report the latest trends and findings. The book showcases the definitive value of sorghum as a model system to study the genetic basis of crop productivity and stress tolerance and will provide a foundation for future studies in sorghum genetics, genomics, and breeding.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 405 |
| Release | : 1996-02-14 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0309176891 |
Scenes of starvation have drawn the world's attention to Africa's agricultural and environmental crisis. Some observers question whether this continent can ever hope to feed its growing population. Yet there is an overlooked food resource in sub-Saharan Africa that has vast potential: native food plants. When experts were asked to nominate African food plants for inclusion in a new book, a list of 30 species grew quickly to hundreds. All in all, Africa has more than 2,000 native grains and fruitsâ€""lost" species due for rediscovery and exploitation. This volume focuses on native cereals, including: African rice, reserved until recently as a luxury food for religious rituals. Finger millet, neglected internationally although it is a staple for millions. Fonio (acha), probably the oldest African cereal and sometimes called "hungry rice." Pearl millet, a widely used grain that still holds great untapped potential. Sorghum, with prospects for making the twenty-first century the "century of sorghum." Tef, in many ways ideal but only now enjoying budding commercial production. Other cultivated and wild grains. This readable and engaging book dispels myths, often based on Western bias, about the nutritional value, flavor, and yield of these African grains. Designed as a tool for economic development, the volume is organized with increasing levels of detail to meet the needs of both lay and professional readers. The authors present the available information on where and how each grain is grown, harvested, and processed, and they list its benefits and limitations as a food source. The authors describe "next steps" for increasing the use of each grain, outline research needs, and address issues in building commercial production. Sidebars cover such interesting points as the potential use of gene mapping and other "high-tech" agricultural techniques on these grains. This fact-filled volume will be of great interest to agricultural experts, entrepreneurs, researchers, and individuals concerned about restoring food production, environmental health, and economic opportunity in sub-Saharan Africa. Selection, Newbridge Garden Book Club
| Author | : Ignacio A. Ciampitti |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 528 |
| Release | : 2020-01-22 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0891186271 |
Sorghum is among the top five cereals and one of the key crops in global food security efforts. Sorghum is a resilient crop under high-stress environments, ensuring productivity and access to food when other crops fail. Scientists see the potential of sorghum as a main staple food in a future challenged by climate change. The contributors provide a comprehensive review of sorghum knowledge. The discussion covers genetic improvements, development of new hybrids, biotechnology, and physiological modifications. Production topics include water and nutrient management, rotations, and pest control. Final end uses, sorghum as a bioenergy crop, markets, and the future of sorghum are presented. IN PRESS! This book is being published according to the “Just Published” model, with more chapters to be published online as they are completed.
| Author | : Eimear Gallagher |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 256 |
| Release | : 2009-09-08 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9781444316216 |
Coeliac disease (CD) and other allergic reactions/intolerances to gluten are on the rise, largely due to improved diagnostic procedures and changes in eating habits. The worldwide incidence of coeliac disease has been predicted to increase by a factor of ten over the next number of years, and this has resulted in a growing market for high quality gluten-free cereal products. However, the removal of gluten presents major problems for bakers. Currently, many gluten-free products on the market are of low quality and short shelf life, exhibiting poor mouthfeel and flavour. This challenge to the cereal technologist and baker alike has led to the search for alternatives to gluten in the manufacture of gluten-free bakery products. This volume provides an overview for the food industry of issues related to the increasing prevalence of coeliac disease and gluten intolerance. The properties of gluten are discussed in relation to its classification and important functional characteristics, and the nutritional value of gluten-free products is also addressed. The book examines the diversity of ingredients that can be used to replace gluten and how the ingredient combinations and subsequent rheological and manufacturing properties of a range of gluten-free products, e.g. doughs, breads, biscuits and beer may be manipulated. Recommendations are given regarding the most suitable ingredients for different gluten-free products. The book is directed at ingredient manufacturers, bakers, cereal scientists and coeliac associations and societies. It will also be of interest to academic food science departments for assisting with undergraduate studies and postgraduate research. The Author Dr Eimear Gallagher, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Dublin, Ireland Also available from Wiley-Blackwell Management of Food Allergens Edited by J. Coutts and R. Fielder ISBN 9781405167581 Bakery Manufacture and Quality - Water Control and Effects Second Edition S. Cauvain and L. Young ISBN 9781405176132 Whole Grains and Health Edited by L. Marquart et al ISBN 9780813807775
| Author | : Mohar Singh |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 282 |
| Release | : 2016-09-13 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 8132236130 |
This book offers comprehensive coverage of important grain cereals including their origin and distribution, crop gene pool, level of diversity, production constraints, traits of importance for genetic base widening, crop improvement methodologies, genome mapping, genomics for breeding, and future strategies. The chapters, contributed by eminent crop researchers from around the world, provide rare insights into the crop-specific constraints and prospects drawing from their substantial experience. As such, the book offers an essential source of information for grain cereals scientists, teachers, students, policy planners and developmental experts alike. Grain cereals, which comprise rice, wheat, maize, barley, oats, sorghum and millets, are members of the grass family. These crops are vital to human nutrition, thanks to their roles as staple food crops in different parts of the globe. Some of them are rich sources of carbohydrates, which provide energy, while others are important sources of minerals, vitamins and proteins, in addition to their medicinal properties. In most cereals, the existing variability among elite germplasm has been exploited to attain a desirable level of productivity. However, to make further breakthroughs in enhancing yield and improving stability in future crop cultivars, new sources of genes/alleles need to be identified in wild/weedy species and incorporated into the cultivated varieties. Though there have been many publications on various aspects of grain cereal improvement in the recent past, to date this essential information has remained scattered among different periodicals.
| Author | : Rafael Arturo Mateo Moncada |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 120 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781109849813 |
The use of AFLP markers allowed the identification of five strong clusters through estimates of genetic similarities. This classification did not group the lines by either their genetic background or their fertility reaction. This study provides information to identify specific combinations that would help to understand heterotic relationships in sorghum, and support the suggestions made by Menz and Gabriel that races in sorghum are not well defined.
| Author | : Donald Robert Marshall |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 616 |
| Release | : 1968 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
