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| Author | : François Bourguignon |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 41 |
| Release | : 1991 |
| Genre | : Developing countries |
| ISBN | : |
Macroeconomic crises in the 1980s made it more difficult to design policies to alleviate poverty because of the need to stabilize the economy and promote restructuring that would ensure long- term growth.
| Author | : Baoping Shang |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 32 |
| Release | : 2021-06-25 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 151357339X |
Addressing the poverty and distributional impacts of carbon pricing reforms is critical for the success of ambitious actions in the fight against climate change. This paper uses a simple framework to systematically review the channels through which carbon pricing can potentially affect poverty and inequality. It finds that the channels differ in important ways along several dimensions. The paper also identifies several key gaps in the current literature and discusses some considerations on how policy designs could take into account the attributes of the channels in mitigating the impacts of carbon pricing reforms on households.
| Author | : Francois Bourguignon |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 53 |
| Release | : 1989 |
| Genre | : Ajuste economico |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Mr. Kangni R Kpodar |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 34 |
| Release | : 2021-11-12 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1616356154 |
This paper investigates the response of consumer price inflation to changes in domestic fuel prices, looking at the different categories of the overall consumer price index (CPI). We then combine household survey data with the CPI components to construct a CPI index for the poorest and richest income quintiles with the view to assess the distributional impact of the pass-through. To undertake this analysis, the paper provides an update to the Global Monthly Retail Fuel Price Database, expanding the product coverage to premium and regular fuels, the time dimension to December 2020, and the sample to 190 countries. Three key findings stand out. First, the response of inflation to gasoline price shocks is smaller, but more persistent and broad-based in developing economies than in advanced economies. Second, we show that past studies using crude oil prices instead of retail fuel prices to estimate the pass-through to inflation significantly underestimate it. Third, while the purchasing power of all households declines as fuel prices increase, the distributional impact is progressive. But the progressivity phases out within 6 months after the shock in advanced economies, whereas it persists beyond a year in developing countries.
| Author | : Mr.Olivier Coibion |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 57 |
| Release | : 2012-08-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1475505493 |
We study the effects and historical contribution of monetary policy shocks to consumption and income inequality in the United States since 1980. Contractionary monetary policy actions systematically increase inequality in labor earnings, total income, consumption and total expenditures. Furthermore, monetary shocks can account for a significant component of the historical cyclical variation in income and consumption inequality. Using detailed micro-level data on income and consumption, we document the different channels via which monetary policy shocks affect inequality, as well as how these channels depend on the nature of the change in monetary policy.
| Author | : Anne Maasland |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 42 |
| Release | : 1990 |
| Genre | : Ajuste economico |
| ISBN | : 6092921375 |
There are a variety of approaches, and country issues and data availability will determine the most practical approach.
| Author | : Vinod Thomas |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 588 |
| Release | : 1991 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780195208702 |
In 1980 the World Bank began structural adjustment lending to its member governments to support broad economic, institutional, and policy reforms. To examine how well this form of lending has worked, this volume brings together leading practitioners and scholars from the World Bank and other financial institutions as well as from government and academia. Their assessments, based on theoretical and practical experience, contribute to the ongoing debate about how best to bring about macroeconomic stability. Case studies of nine countries under adjustment explore how well they complied with loan conditions and how their economies performed before, during, and after adjustment.
| Author | : Richard Cookson |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 385 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0198838190 |
Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis aims to help healthcare and public health organizations make fairer decisions with better outcomes. It can provide information about equity in the distribution of costs and effects - who gains, who loses, and by how much - and the trade-offs that sometimes occur between equity and efficiency. This is a practical guide to methods for quantifying the equity impacts of health programmes in high, middle, and low-income countries. The methods can be tailored to analyse different equity concerns in different decision making contexts. The handbook provides both hands-on training for postgraduate students and analysts and an accessible guide for academics, practitioners, managers, policymakers, and stakeholders. Part I is an introduction and overview for research commissioners, users, and producers. Parts II and III provide step-by-step guidance on how to simulate and evaluate distributions, with accompanying spreadsheet training exercises. Part IV concludes with discussions about how to handle uncertainty about facts and disagreement about values, and the future challenges facing this growing field. Book jacket.
| Author | : David Reed |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 421 |
| Release | : 2013-11-05 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1134048181 |
This is a pioneering study which should serve as a model for future research and will to a wide audience' Dharam Ghai, Director United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Structural Adjustment and the Environment (Earthscan, 1992) was the first book to fully examine the effects of 'structural adjustment programmes the economic reform policies required by the World Bank and IMF as part of their lending operations with borrowing countries. To widespread Critical acclaim it exposed the damaging environmental and social effects of structural adjustment policies, and called for a thorough revision of the then-current development policy. This new work; Structural Adjustment, the Environment and sustainable Development is a major step forward in the study of structural adjustment policies. It looks in detail at new research and analysis into their effects, and incorporates recent studies by a wide range of academics and policy-makers, leading experts and institutes. Focusing on nine in-depth case studies, the book examines the complex links between macroeconomic policies, social impacts and environmental outcomes, and takes a forward-looking perspective in outlining the alternatives to current structural adjustment policies. Review quotes for Structural Adjustment and the Environment 'Should be essential reading for all students of development' Third World Planning Review 'Breaks new ground in the debate on structural adjustment generally. and in the environment/development debate' International Affairs 'The most substantial contribution to date to what is undoubtedly an important area' Development and Change David Reed is director of the Macroeconomics for Sustainable Development Programme of WWF International, and editor of Structural Adjustment and the Environment (Earthscan, 1992). Originally published in 1996
| Author | : Jeff GROGGER |
| Publisher | : Harvard University Press |
| Total Pages | : 352 |
| Release | : 2009-06-30 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0674037960 |
In Welfare Reform, Jeffrey Grogger and Lynn Karoly assemble evidence from numerous studies to assess how welfare reform has affected behavior. To broaden our understanding of this wide-ranging policy reform, the authors evaluate the evidence in relation to an economic model of behavior.
