Distribution Solutions of Nonlinear Systems of Conservation Laws

Distribution Solutions of Nonlinear Systems of Conservation Laws
Author: Michael Sever
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Total Pages: 178
Release: 2007
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 082183990X

The local structure of solutions of initial value problems for nonlinear systems of conservation laws is considered. Given large initial data, there exist systems with reasonable structural properties for which standard entropy weak solutions cannot be continued after finite time, but for which weaker solutions, valued as measures at a given time, exist. At any given time, the singularities thus arising admit representation as weak limits of suitable approximate solutions in the space of measures with respect to the space variable. Two distinct classes of singularities have emerged in this context, known as delta-shocks and singular shocks. Notwithstanding the similar form of the singularities, the analysis of delta-shocks is very different from that of singular shocks, as are the systems for which they occur. Roughly speaking, the difference is that for delta-shocks, the density approximations majorize the flux approximations, whereas for singular shocks, the flux approximations blow up faster. As against that admissible singular shocks have viscous structure.

Numerical Methods for Conservation Laws

Numerical Methods for Conservation Laws
Author: LEVEQUE
Publisher: Birkhäuser
Total Pages: 221
Release: 2013-11-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3034851162

These notes developed from a course on the numerical solution of conservation laws first taught at the University of Washington in the fall of 1988 and then at ETH during the following spring. The overall emphasis is on studying the mathematical tools that are essential in de veloping, analyzing, and successfully using numerical methods for nonlinear systems of conservation laws, particularly for problems involving shock waves. A reasonable un derstanding of the mathematical structure of these equations and their solutions is first required, and Part I of these notes deals with this theory. Part II deals more directly with numerical methods, again with the emphasis on general tools that are of broad use. I have stressed the underlying ideas used in various classes of methods rather than present ing the most sophisticated methods in great detail. My aim was to provide a sufficient background that students could then approach the current research literature with the necessary tools and understanding. vVithout the wonders of TeX and LaTeX, these notes would never have been put together. The professional-looking results perhaps obscure the fact that these are indeed lecture notes. Some sections have been reworked several times by now, but others are still preliminary. I can only hope that the errors are not too blatant. Moreover, the breadth and depth of coverage was limited by the length of these courses, and some parts are rather sketchy.

Unitary Invariants in Multivariable Operator Theory

Unitary Invariants in Multivariable Operator Theory
Author: Gelu Popescu
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Total Pages: 105
Release: 2009-06-05
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0821843966

This paper concerns unitary invariants for $n$-tuples $T:=(T_1,\ldots, T_n)$ of (not necessarily commuting) bounded linear operators on Hilbert spaces. The author introduces a notion of joint numerical radius and works out its basic properties. Multivariable versions of Berger's dilation theorem, Berger-Kato-Stampfli mapping theorem, and Schwarz's lemma from complex analysis are obtained. The author studies the joint (spatial) numerical range of $T$ in connection with several unitary invariants for $n$-tuples of operators such as: right joint spectrum, joint numerical radius, euclidean operator radius, and joint spectral radius. He also proves an analogue of Toeplitz-Hausdorff theorem on the convexity of the spatial numerical range of an operator on a Hilbert space, for the joint numerical range of operators in the noncommutative analytic Toeplitz algebra $F_n^\infty$.

Small Divisor Problem in the Theory of Three-Dimensional Water Gravity Waves

Small Divisor Problem in the Theory of Three-Dimensional Water Gravity Waves
Author: GŽrard Iooss
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Total Pages: 144
Release: 2009-06-05
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0821843826

The authors consider doubly-periodic travelling waves at the surface of an infinitely deep perfect fluid, only subjected to gravity $g$ and resulting from the nonlinear interaction of two simply periodic travelling waves making an angle $2\theta$ between them. Denoting by $\mu =gL/c^{2}$ the dimensionless bifurcation parameter ( $L$ is the wave length along the direction of the travelling wave and $c$ is the velocity of the wave), bifurcation occurs for $\mu = \cos \theta$. For non-resonant cases, we first give a large family of formal three-dimensional gravity travelling waves, in the form of an expansion in powers of the amplitudes of two basic travelling waves. ``Diamond waves'' are a particular case of such waves, when they are symmetric with respect to the direction of propagation. The main object of the paper is the proof of existence of such symmetric waves having the above mentioned asymptotic expansion. Due to the occurence of small divisors, the main difficulty is the inversion of the linearized operator at a non trivial point, for applying the Nash Moser theorem. This operator is the sum of a second order differentiation along a certain direction, and an integro-differential operator of first order, both depending periodically of coordinates. It is shown that for almost all angles $\theta$, the 3-dimensional travelling waves bifurcate for a set of ``good'' values of the bifurcation parameter having asymptotically a full measure near the bifurcation curve in the parameter plane $(\theta,\mu ).$

The Beltrami Equation

The Beltrami Equation
Author: Tadeusz Iwaniec
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Total Pages: 110
Release: 2008
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0821840452

The measurable Riemann Mapping Theorem (or the existence theorem for quasiconformal mappings) has found a central role in a diverse variety of areas such as holomorphic dynamics, Teichmuller theory, low dimensional topology and geometry, and the planar theory of PDEs. Anticipating the needs of future researchers, the authors give an account of the state of the art as it pertains to this theorem, that is, to the existence and uniqueness theory of the planar Beltrami equation, and various properties of the solutions to this equation. The classical theory concerns itself with the uniformly elliptic case (quasiconformal mappings). Here the authors develop the theory in the more general framework of mappings of finite distortion and the associated degenerate elliptic equations.

Spinor Genera in Characteristic 2

Spinor Genera in Characteristic 2
Author: Yuanhua Wang
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Total Pages: 104
Release: 2008
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0821841661

The purpose of this paper is to establish the spinor genus theory of quadratic forms over global function fields in characteristic 2. The first part of the paper computes the integral spinor norms and relative spinor norms. The second part of the paper gives a complete answer to the integral representations of one quadratic form by another with more than four variables over a global function field in characteristic 2.

Galois Extensions of Structured Ring Spectra/Stably Dualizable Groups

Galois Extensions of Structured Ring Spectra/Stably Dualizable Groups
Author: John Rognes
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Total Pages: 154
Release: 2008
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0821840762

The author introduces the notion of a Galois extension of commutative $S$-algebras ($E_\infty$ ring spectra), often localized with respect to a fixed homology theory. There are numerous examples, including some involving Eilenberg-Mac Lane spectra of commutative rings, real and complex topological $K$-theory, Lubin-Tate spectra and cochain $S$-algebras. He establishes the main theorem of Galois theory in this generality. Its proof involves the notions of separable and etale extensions of commutative $S$-algebras, and the Goerss-Hopkins-Miller theory for $E_\infty$ mapping spaces. He shows that the global sphere spectrum $S$ is separably closed, using Minkowski's discriminant theorem, and he estimates the separable closure of its localization with respect to each of the Morava $K$-theories. He also defines Hopf-Galois extensions of commutative $S$-algebras and studies the complex cobordism spectrum $MU$ as a common integral model for all of the local Lubin-Tate Galois extensions. The author extends the duality theory for topological groups from the classical theory for compact Lie groups, via the topological study by J. R. Klein and the $p$-complete study for $p$-compact groups by T. Bauer, to a general duality theory for stably dualizable groups in the $E$-local stable homotopy category, for any spectrum $E$.

The Generalized Triangle Inequalities in Symmetric Spaces and Buildings with Applications to Algebra

The Generalized Triangle Inequalities in Symmetric Spaces and Buildings with Applications to Algebra
Author: Michael Kapovich
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Total Pages: 98
Release: 2008
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0821840541

In this paper the authors apply their results on the geometry of polygons in infinitesimal symmetric spaces and symmetric spaces and buildings to four problems in algebraic group theory. Two of these problems are generalizations of the problems of finding the constraints on the eigenvalues (resp. singular values) of a sum (resp. product) when the eigenvalues (singular values) of each summand (factor) are fixed. The other two problems are related to the nonvanishing of the structure constants of the (spherical) Hecke and representation rings associated with a split reductive algebraic group over $\mathbb{Q}$ and its complex Langlands' dual. The authors give a new proof of the Saturation Conjecture for $GL(\ell)$ as a consequence of their solution of the corresponding saturation problem for the Hecke structure constants for all split reductive algebraic groups over $\mathbb{Q}$.

Torus Fibrations, Gerbes, and Duality

Torus Fibrations, Gerbes, and Duality
Author: Ron Donagi
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Total Pages: 104
Release: 2008
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0821840924

Let $X$ be a smooth elliptic fibration over a smooth base $B$. Under mild assumptions, the authors establish a Fourier-Mukai equivalence between the derived categories of two objects, each of which is an $\mathcal{O} DEGREES{\times}$ gerbe over a genus one fibration which is a twisted form