Discussion The Reliability Of Fair Value Versus Historical Cost Information
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| Author | : Sudipta Basu |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 15 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Carroll, Linsmeier, and Petroni examine whether fair value financial statements reported by closed-end mutual funds are reliable and relevant. They also examine whether their inferences are sensitive to fund type, where they classify funds into six categories by their majority investment type. They find a significant association between stock market metrics (price and return) and reported fair values and their changes in all cases, controlling for the relation between stock metrics and historical cost values. They conclude that the fair value financial statements issued by closed-end mutual funds are incrementally value-relevant.I argue that the closed-end fund setting is well suited to investigating the valuation role of accounting, because the contracting role of accounting is relatively small and also highly aligned with the valuation role. The closed-end fund setting thus serves as a best-case benchmark for fair value accounting, and I assess the results from this vantage point. I extend the authors' cross-sectional analysis to examine whether value-relevance has changed over time for closed-end funds, and find that it has remained quite stable. I evaluate whether the authors' inferences hold under more powerful tests of relevance and reliability, and find that they do. While the cross-fund tests are consistent with fair value estimates from liquid markets being more reliable, I suggest alternative explanations. Finally, I discuss what we can learn about the desirability of fair value accounting from this paper, and urge caution in generalizing the results to more complex firms.
| Author | : Vera Palea |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 23 |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Purpose - This paper aims to discuss fair value accounting and its usefulness to financial statement users. The European Commission has recently endorsed IFRS 13 on fair value measurement and is considering the endorsement of IFRS 9, which extends the use of fair value for financial instruments. Furthermore, fair value accounting has been under deep scrutiny because of its alleged role in the financial crisis. Therefore, the usefulness of fair value accounting is a key issue for standard setting purposes.Approach - This paper delineates the theoretical background for fair value accounting, it provides empirical evidence on its usefulness, it highlights some controversial issues and makes some proposals for standard setting discussion. Findings - Empirical research raises some doubts on fair value reliability. Furthermore, fair value accounting alone cannot provide information useful to evaluate stewardship. Historical cost is also needed. A dual measurement and financial reporting system could therefore deliver more complete and useful information to financial statement users. Practical implications - This paper provides the reader with a comprehensive picture of the main issues related to fair value accounting and contributes to the standard setting debate on the optimal measurement system. Originality/value - This paper reframes the debate on historical versus fair value accounting by explaining the reason why a dual measurement and reporting model should be implemented.
| Author | : International Accounting Standards Board |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 104 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Michael J. Mard |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 307 |
| Release | : 2010-11-02 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0470933356 |
Now in a third edition, Valuation for Financial Reporting provides practical implementation guidance for practitioners, auditors, and their clients in the private and public sectors. This one-stop resource clearly explains SFAS 141R, Business Combinations; SFAS 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements; and SFAS 157, Fair Value Measurements. The new edition furthers the elements of fair value in financial reporting in accordance with recent standards, providing primary emphasis on fair value measurements and reporting, and the valuation and impairment analysis of intangible assets and goodwill. Written by leading experts in the valuation field, the Third Edition features: Invaluable tools including flowcharts for SFAS 157 and SFAS 141R, a checklist for implementing the fair value measurement standard, and a preparer’s worksheet Discussion of the valuation aspects of the new financial reporting requirements, including how to identify and measure contingent considerations Interpretations of the accounting requirements with application of the requirements to specific facts and circumstances Specific guidance for determining fair value in a business combination Guidance for determining fair value measurement, including fair value definition, transaction costs, transportation costs, market participants, and highest and best use Now featuring an accompanying Website, Valuation for Financial Reporting, Third Edition is practical and easy to follow, with detailed examples of an impairment analysis as well as a business combination in which tangible and intangible assets are identified and valued. It is the authoritative reference every valuation professional must have.
| Author | : Wayne R. Landsman |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 38 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Accounting |
| ISBN | : |
I identify issues that bank regulators need to consider if fair value accounting is used for determining bank regulatory capital and when making regulatory decisions. In financial reporting, US and international accounting standard setters have issued several disclosure and measurement and recognition standards for financial instruments and all indications are that both standard setters will mandate recognition of all financial instruments at fair value. To help identify important issues for bank regulators, I briefly review capital market studies that examine the usefulness of fair value accounting to investors, and discuss marking-to-market implementation issues of determining financial instruments' fair values. In doing so, I identify several key issues. First, regulators need to consider how to let managers reveal private information in their fair value estimates while minimising strategic manipulation of model inputs to manage income and regulatory capital. Second, regulators need to consider how best to minimise measurement error in fair values to maximise their usefulness to investors and creditors when making investment decisions, and to ensure bank managers have incentives to select investments that maximise economic efficiency of the banking system. Third, cross-country institutional differences are likely to play an important role in determining the effectiveness of using mark-to-market accounting for financial reporting and bank regulation.
| Author | : Benjamin Graham |
| Publisher | : McGraw Hill Professional |
| Total Pages | : 762 |
| Release | : 1934 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780070244962 |
Explains financial analysis techniques, shows how to interpret financial statements, and discusses the analysis of fixed-income securities and the valuation of stocks.
| Author | : Stephen Penman |
| Publisher | : Columbia University Press |
| Total Pages | : 265 |
| Release | : 2010-12-30 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0231521855 |
Accounting for Value teaches investors and analysts how to handle accounting in evaluating equity investments. The book's novel approach shows that valuation and accounting are much the same: valuation is actually a matter of accounting for value. Laying aside many of the tools of modern finance the cost-of-capital, the CAPM, and discounted cash flow analysis Stephen Penman returns to the common-sense principles that have long guided fundamental investing: price is what you pay but value is what you get; the risk in investing is the risk of paying too much; anchor on what you know rather than speculation; and beware of paying too much for speculative growth. Penman puts these ideas in touch with the quantification supplied by accounting, producing practical tools for the intelligent investor. Accounting for value provides protection from paying too much for a stock and clues the investor in to the likely return from buying growth. Strikingly, the analysis finesses the need to calculate a "cost-of-capital," which often frustrates the application of modern valuation techniques. Accounting for value recasts "value" versus "growth" investing and explains such curiosities as why earnings-to-price and book-to-price ratios predict stock returns. By the end of the book, Penman has the intelligent investor thinking like an intelligent accountant, better equipped to handle the bubbles and crashes of our time. For accounting regulators, Penman also prescribes a formula for intelligent accounting reform, engaging with such controversial issues as fair value accounting.
| Author | : Dr. Anis I. Milad |
| Publisher | : AuthorHouse |
| Total Pages | : 64 |
| Release | : 2019-06-06 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1728314615 |
This dissertation was designed to investigate the relationship between the fair market value of assets and stakeholders’ investment decisions. The Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) is primarily responsible for establishing generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) (Weygandt, Kieso, and Kimmel, 2003). According to the FASB, GAAP require disclosing of the fair value of assets of organizations. This research investigated the effect of the disclosure of fair value of assets on stakeholders’ investment decisions. The research question was, How does the hidden market value of assets affect male and female stakeholders’ investment decisions? The survey positively answered this question. Both female and male respondents (519) agreed the market value of assets helps them make better investment decisions. The participants equally shared the need to know the current market value of the company’s assets to make better investment decisions. The investment decisions were shared evenly by the female and male participants.
| Author | : Peter Walton |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 417 |
| Release | : 2012-08-21 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1136713107 |
Comprising contributions from a unique mixture of academics, standard setters and practitioners, and edited by an internationally recognized expert, this book, on a controversial and intensely debated topic, is the only definitive reference source available on the topics of fair value and financial reporting. Drawing chapters from a diverse range of contributors on different aspects of the subject together into one volume, it: examines the use of fair value in international financial reporting standards and the US standard SFAS 157 Fair Value Measurement, setting out the case for and against looks at fair value from a number of different theoretical perspectives, including possible future uses, alternative measurement paradigms and how it compares with other valuation models explores fair value accounting in practice, including audit, financial instruments, impairments, an investment banking perspective, approaches to fair value in Japan and the USA, and Enron’s use of fair value An outstanding resource, this volume is an indispensable reference that is deserving of a place on the bookshelves of both libraries and all those working in, studying, or researching the areas of international accounting, financial accounting and reporting.
| Author | : Michael J. Mard |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 237 |
| Release | : 2007-10-19 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0470173998 |
Essential procedures for the measurement and reporting of fair value in Financial statements Trusted specialists Michael Mard, James Hitchner, and Steven Hyden present reliable and thorough guidelines, case studies, implementation aids, and sample reports for managers, auditors, and valuators who must comply with the Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Nos. 141, Business Combinations; 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets; 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets; and the new 157, Fair Value Measurements. This important guide: * Explains the new valuation aspects now required by SFAS No. 157 * Presents the new definition of fair value and certain empirical research * Distinguishes fair value from fair market value * Provides a case study that measures the fair values of intangible assets and goodwill under SFAS Nos. 141 and 157 * Includes a detailed case study that tests the impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets and measures the financial impact of such impairment under SFAS Nos. 142 and 144 * Cross-references and reconciles the valuation industry's reporting standards among all of the valuation organizations * Includes two sample valuation reports, one of which is a new USPAP- compliant PowerPoint? presentation format * Includes implementation aids for controlling the gathering of data necessary for analyses and for guiding the valuation work program
