Synecological Effects of Cattle Grazing Riparian Ecosystems

Synecological Effects of Cattle Grazing Riparian Ecosystems
Author: John Boone Kauffman
Publisher:
Total Pages: 566
Release: 1982
Genre: Grazing
ISBN:

In 1978, a ten year project was begun to examine the synecological effects of livestock grazing riparian ecosystems. A multitude of biotic arid physical factors, many which were unique to riparian ecosystems, interacted to form a complex and diverse riparian ecosystem. A total of 256 stands of vegetation representing 60 discrete plant communities were identified. Twenty species of mammals and 81 species of birds were sited utilizing the area from May-October. Approximately one-half of the riparian vegetation bordering Catherine Creek was excluded from livestock grazing. Ten plant communities were intensively sampled in grazed and exclosed areas during three growing seasons to determine some of the impacts a late season grazing scheme has on riparian vegetation. Three plant communities displayed significant species composition and productivity differences. These communities were within' the meadow and Doug1az Hawthorne (Crataegus douglasii) vegetation types and were utilized more heavily by livestock than any other communities sampled. In addition succession appeared to be retarded by grazing on gravel bars dominated by black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) saplings and willows (Salix spp.). Few differences were recorded in other plant communities sampled. Late season grazing had few short term impacts on avian populations censused from May-October. There was a significant decrease in small mammal populations after grazing in all communities sampled. However, by the following August small mammals had recolonized the grazed plant communities in essentially the same species composition and densities. Grazed areas had significantly greater streambank losses than areas that were not grazed. While overwinter losses accounted for much of the streambank erosion, the erosion and disturbance caused by livestock grazing and trampling was enough to create significantly greater streambank losses in grazed areas compared to ungrazed areas. Positive characteristics of a late season grazing scheme on. the riparian zone included increased late season livestock production, good plant vigor and productivity, minimal soil disturbance, and minimal short term disturbance to wildlife populations dependent on riparian ecosystems.

Effects of Different Systems and Intensities of Grazing Upon the Native Vegetation at the Northern Great Plains Field Station (Classic Reprint)

Effects of Different Systems and Intensities of Grazing Upon the Native Vegetation at the Northern Great Plains Field Station (Classic Reprint)
Author: Johnson Thatcher Sarvis
Publisher: Forgotten Books
Total Pages: 66
Release: 2017-10-29
Genre:
ISBN: 9781527912946

Excerpt from Effects of Different Systems and Intensities of Grazing Upon the Native Vegetation at the Northern Great Plains Field Station All the details of the grazing experiment, including the handling and weighing of the cattle, the technical botanical studies, the tak ing of notes, and the keeping of records are under the immediate supervision of J. T. Sarvis. All notes, records, and results of this experiment are available for publication or other purposes alike to the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and to the United States Department of Agriculture. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Modeling Riparian Zone Processes

Modeling Riparian Zone Processes
Author: Edwin J. Korpela
Publisher:
Total Pages: 308
Release: 1992
Genre: Biotic communities
ISBN:

Seasonal trends in forage production and environmental parameters for five plant community types within a northeastern Oregon riparian zone were described and modeled using correlation and path analysis. Wet meadows produced the greatest amount of herbage biomass, followed by moist bluegrass meadows, gravel bars, forests and dry bluegrass meadows. Trends in soil moisture generally increased and then declined from spring to fall. Depth to the water table declined and then increased. Soil temperatures steadily increased. Variables driving seasonal forage production varied by community type. Soil moisture was most important in dry bluegrass meadows and least important in wet meadows. Depth to the water table was most important in wet meadows and least important in dry bluegrass meadows. The amount of herbage production which had already occurred was also an important variable in describing biomass production. Streamflow levels and the amount of production having occurred were driving variables in the gravel bar communities. Preference for grazing different riparian vegetation community types and forage intake by cattle was monitored over a three-week grazing period occuring at the end of summer. Concurrent to preference and intake, vegetative and nutritional characteristics of the forage available for grazing were monitored and relationships between these variables and both community preference and intake described through correlation and path analyses. Grazing cattle initially favored communities with highly digestibile forage, hence communities dominated by Kentucky bluegrass were most preferred. Late in the grazing period community preference was best associated with community abundance, indicating that cattle were grazing communities in proportion to their abundance in the pasture. Intake levels were greater during the first year of the study than the second (2.15 versus 1.81 percent of body weight). Daily grazing time declined as livestock neared the end of the grazing period. Intake was correlated with in vitro dry matter digestibility and the amount of time spent grazing, but poorly related to the amount of forage available. The indirect effect of the amount of forage available on intake was greater than the direct effect and functioned through increases in grazing time as a result of increased availability of highly digestible forage.

Cattle Gains and Plant Responses From Spring Grazing on Crested Wheatgrass in Northern New Mexico (Classic Reprint)

Cattle Gains and Plant Responses From Spring Grazing on Crested Wheatgrass in Northern New Mexico (Classic Reprint)
Author: Harry Wayne Springfield
Publisher: Forgotten Books
Total Pages: 54
Release: 2018-09-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780366787715

Excerpt from Cattle Gains and Plant Responses From Spring Grazing on Crested Wheatgrass in Northern New Mexico The only available research results that relate to grazing crested wheatgrass ln New Mexico are from fall grazing trials on Glorieta Mesa, near Pecos (reynolds and Springfield 2 Three years of grazing trials showed that daily gains of yearling cattle averaged 1. 1 pounds under the heaviest grazmg compared with pounds under moderate grazing for a month long fall season. Wide fluctuations 111 production from year to year were found at the Glorieta Mesa site. Conclusions based on these trials were to remove not more than 45 to 55 percent of the current year's growth during the early fall. Higher degrees of utilization at this time resulted in loss of plant vigor and decline in herbage production. Crested wheatgrass proved to be poorly adapted on this site, however, since nearly all plants inside protected plots as well as in the pastures died within a few years be cause of a combination of drought and gopher damage. Investigations in other regions have furnished information of value in interpreting results of the New Mexico experiments. One of the more comprehensive experiments on spring grazing of crested wheat grass was at Benmore, Utah (frischknecht et al. Results of the first 4 years of study showed that adult cattle gained and pounds a day under light (50 percent herbage removal), medium (65 percent), and heavy grazing (80 percent), respectively. Intensity of grazing likewise influenced daily calf gains, which were significantly less under heavy grazing. Heavy grazmg produced slightly more gain per acre than medium grazmg during the first 2 years, but this was reversed 1n the next 2 ye e.ars Stocking rates for 4 years averaged 3. 1 acres per cow-month for the light intensity, acres for the medium, and 1. 8 acres for the heavy. Light grazing allowed considerable old growth to accumulate on grass bunches, but utilization was more uni form and old growth did not accumulate under the medium and heavy grazing. Density of crested wheatgrass. Increased 54 percent on the average, and no difference due to grazing treatment was detected. Fewer young wheatgrass plants, however, became established under heavy grazing. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The Effect of Cattle Grazing in Riparian Areas on Winter Biodiversity and Ecology

The Effect of Cattle Grazing in Riparian Areas on Winter Biodiversity and Ecology
Author: Simone Franz
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2009
Genre:
ISBN:

Livestock grazing in riparian habitats alters the vegetation structure, which has a detrimental effect on wildlife. This study examined the effect of cattle grazing in riparian habitats on winter bird biodiversity, small mammal biodiversity, and microclimate. Study sites were ungrazed, moderately grazed, and heavily grazed riparian habitats along the Oldman River, Alberta during winter 2005 and 2006. Bird species richness, individual abundance, and diversity indices were higher in ungrazed habitats than in grazed habitats. Deer mouse population sizes were not different except during spring 2006, when populations were larger in ungrazed sites. Microclimate data were collected in riparian sites and upland sites in winter 2006. Temperatures were higher and wind speeds were slower in riparian sites than in upland sites. Wind speeds were faster in heavily grazed riparian sites than in lightly grazed sites. Faster winds in heavily grazed sites may account for the decreased winter biodiversity in these habitats.