Diagnostic methods for the control of strongyloidiasis, Virtual meeting, 29 September 2020

Diagnostic methods for the control of strongyloidiasis, Virtual meeting, 29 September 2020
Author:
Publisher: World Health Organization
Total Pages: 53
Release: 2021-03-22
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9240016538

This is an existing infrastructure for other neglected tropical disease (NTD) control or elimination programmes, as was done to add schistosomiasis. The preliminary steps for implementing a strongyloidiasis control programme were shared, namely: - gain knowledge of the epidemiology of S. stercoralis; - conduct a field evaluation of the proposed intervention. Pilot interventions should evaluate the impact and feasibility of the proposed strategy (a pilot study is planned in Ethiopia); and - find a standard diagnostic tool to enable assessment of the public health burden of the disease and exchange of information among different research and control groups; for many countries there is no epidemiological information at all, so we need recommendations for assessment of baseline prevalence.

WHO guideline on preventive chemotherapy for public health control of strongyloidiasis

WHO guideline on preventive chemotherapy for public health control of strongyloidiasis
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
Total Pages: 74
Release: 2024-07-24
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9240094024

Human strongyloidiasis is a soil-transmitted helminth caused by infection with Strongyloides stercoralis, and it estimated to infect 300–600 million people worldwide. In recent years, the World Health Organization (WHO) has been contacted by the health ministries of several countries in which strongyloidiasis is endemic for advice on how to address the disease as a public health problem. While there are no public health programmes specifically for control of strongyloidiasis, in some settings, preventive chemotherapy (PC) with ivermectin are being conducted to control lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. These programmes have demonstrated a reduction in prevalence of S. stercoralis infection, suggesting that PC may be a potential public health strategy in areas endemic for strongyloidiasis. WHO convened a guideline development group (GDG) to address the need to control strongyloidiasis and develop guidance. The objective of this WHO guideline is to provide an evidence-informed recommendation on whether PC with ivermectin as a public health intervention could reduce the disease burden. After considering all available evidence, The GDG made one recommendation which is annual mass drug administration with single-dose ivermectin in all age groups from 5 years and above in endemic settings with prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection ≥ 5%.

Routledge Handbook of Infectious Diseases

Routledge Handbook of Infectious Diseases
Author: Eskild Petersen
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 577
Release: 2024-09-16
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1040151663

The new edition of this unique resource, grounded on an understanding that our global world is more connected than it has ever been, provides an essential survey of infectious diseases based on both clinical presentation and geographical area of exposure. This book is split into three main sections. The first section offers an overview of the geopolitics of infectious diseases, highlighting the channels through which a disease can spread from one region or country to another, including air travel, shipping or migration. The second section provides a comprehensive overview of each region, highlighting the infectious diseases common to that part of the world. The final section includes a chapter examining new infections of concern, and a chapter discussing infectious diseases in the context of global climate change. Thoroughly updated with the latest clinical data and featuring contributions from leading scholars and clinicians in the field, this book is a timely and important resource for practitioners and scholars across Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health.

Caring for People who Sniff Petrol Or Other Volatile Substances

Caring for People who Sniff Petrol Or Other Volatile Substances
Author: National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 33
Release: 2011
Genre: Aboriginal Australians
ISBN: 9781864965223

These guidelines provide recommendations that outline the critical aspects of infection prevention and control. The recommendations were developed using the best available evidence and consensus methods by the Infection Control Steering Committee. They have been prioritised as key areas to prevent and control infection in a healthcare facility. It is recognised that the level of risk may differ according to the different types of facility and therefore some recommendations should be justified by risk assessment. When implementing these recommendations all healthcare facilities need to consider the risk of transmission of infection and implement according to their specific setting and circumstances.

Working to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases

Working to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases
Author: World Health Organization. Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases
Publisher: World Health Organization
Total Pages: 184
Release: 2010
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9241564091

"Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) blight the lives of a billion people worldwide and threaten the health of millions more. These ancient companions of poverty weaken impoverished populations, frustrate the achievement of health in the Millennium Development Goals and impede global health and economies has convinced governments, donors, the pharmaceutical industry and other agencies, including nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), to invest in preventing and controlling this diverse group of diseases. Global efforts to control "hidden" diseases, such as dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease), leprosy, gains including the imminent eradication of dracunculiasis. Since 1989 (when most endemic countries began reporting monthly from each endemic village), the number of new dracunculiasis cases has fallen from 892 055 in 12 endemic countries to 3190 in 4 countries in 2009, a decrease of more than 99%. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends five public-health strategies for the prevention and control of NTDs: preventive chemotherapy; intensified case-management; vector control; the provision of safe water, sanitation and hygiene; and veterinary public health (that is, applying veterinary sciences to ensure the health and well-being of humans). Although one approach and delivered locally." - p. vii

Soil pollution: a hidden reality

Soil pollution: a hidden reality
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Total Pages: 156
Release: 2018-04-30
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9251305056

This document presents key messages and the state-of-the-art of soil pollution, its implications on food safety and human health. It aims to set the basis for further discussion during the forthcoming Global Symposium on Soil Pollution (GSOP18), to be held at FAO HQ from May 2nd to 4th 2018. The publication has been reviewed by the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soil (ITPS) and contributing authors. It addresses scientific evidences on soil pollution and highlights the need to assess the extent of soil pollution globally in order to achieve food safety and sustainable development. This is linked to FAO’s strategic objectives, especially SO1, SO2, SO4 and SO5 because of the crucial role of soils to ensure effective nutrient cycling to produce nutritious and safe food, reduce atmospheric CO2 and N2O concentrations and thus mitigate climate change, develop sustainable soil management practices that enhance agricultural resilience to extreme climate events by reducing soil degradation processes. This document will be a reference material for those interested in learning more about sources and effects of soil pollution.

Innovation in Pharmacy: Advances and Perspectives. September 2018

Innovation in Pharmacy: Advances and Perspectives. September 2018
Author: Organizer Committee IPAP18 – Salamanca
Publisher: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca
Total Pages: 358
Release: 2018-09-21
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 8490129762

This book contains the summaries of the "Innovation in Pharmacy: Advances and Perspectives" that took place in Salamanca (Spain) in September 2018. The early science of chemistry and microbiology were the source of most drugs until the revolution of genetic engineering in the mid 1970s. Then biotechnology made available novel protein agents such as interferons, blood factors and monoclonal antibodies that have changed the modern pharmacy. Over the past year, a new pharmacy of oligonucleotides has emerged from the science of gene expression such as RNA splicing and RNA interference. The ability to design therapeutic agents from genomic sequences will transform treatment for many diseases. The science that created this advance and its future promise will be discussed. Phillip Allen Sharp is an American geneticist and molecular biologist who co-discovered RNA splicing. He shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Richard J. Roberts for “the discovery that genes in eukaryotes are not contiguous strings but contain introns, and that the splicing of messenger RNA to delete those introns can occur in different ways, yielding different proteins from the same DNA sequence. He works in Institute Professor Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, US. Este libro recoge los resúmenes de la «Innovation in Pharmacy: Advances and Perspectives» que tuvo lugar en Salamanca (España) en septiembre de 2018. La ciencia primitiva de la química y la microbiología fue la fuente de la mayoría de las drogas hasta la revolución de la ingeniería genética a mediados de la década de 1970. Luego, la biotecnología puso a disposición agentes proteínicos novedosos como interferones, factores sanguíneos y anticuerpos monoclonales que han cambiado la farmacia moderna. Durante el año pasado, surgió una nueva farmacia de oligonucleótidos a partir de la ciencia de la expresión génica, como el empalme de ARN y la interferencia de ARN. La capacidad de diseñar agentes terapéuticos a partir de secuencias genómicas transformará el tratamiento de muchas enfermedades. La ciencia que creó este avance y su promesa futura será discutida. Phillip Allen Sharp es un genetista y biólogo molecular estadounidense que co-descubrió el empalme de ARN. Compartió el Premio Nobel de 1993 en Fisiología o Medicina con Richard J. Roberts por "el descubrimiento de que los genes en eucariotas no son cadenas contiguas, sino que contienen intrones, y que el empalme del ARN mensajero para eliminar esos intrones puede ocurrir de diferentes maneras, produciendo diferentes proteínas de la misma secuencia de ADN. Trabaja en el Instituto Profesor Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Instituto Tecnológico de Massachusetts (MIT), Cambridge, MA, EE. UU.

Environmental Aspects of Zoonotic Diseases

Environmental Aspects of Zoonotic Diseases
Author: Robert Armon
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Total Pages: 517
Release: 2012-01-31
Genre: Science
ISBN: 184339085X

Environmental Aspects of Zoonotic Diseases provides a definitive description, commentary and research needs of environmental aspects related to zoonotic diseases. There are many interrelated connections between the environment and zoonotic diseases such as: water, soil, air and agriculture. The book presents investigations of these connections, with specific reference to environmental processes such as: deforestation, floods, draughts, irrigation practices, soil transfer and their impact on bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitological spread. Environmental aspects such as climate (tropical, sub-tropical, temperate, arid and semi-arid), developed and undeveloped countries, animal (domestic and wild) traffic animal border crossing, commercial animal trade, transportation, as well geography and weather on zoonosis, are also discussed and relevant scientific data is condensed and organized in order to give a better picture of interrelationship between the environment and current spread of zoonotic diseases. Altogether, the book presents a remarkable and a vast amount of potential future research directions based on the link: environment-vectors-pathogens-humans. The most up-to-date source of information on this increasingly important cross-disciplinary subject, Environmental Aspects of Zoonotic Diseases will be invaluable for environmentalists, veterinarians, medical staff, environmental engineers, government agencies and consultants working in this field. Authors: Prof. Robert Armon, Technion (Israel Institute of Technology), Haifa, Israel, Dr. Uta Cheruti, Technion (Israel Institute of Technology), Haifa, Israel