Theories of Turbulence

Theories of Turbulence
Author: Martin Oberlack
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 377
Release: 2014-05-04
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3709125642

The term "turbulenceā€ is used for a large variety of dynamical phenomena of fluids in motion whenever the details of the flow appear to be random and average properties are of primary interest. Just as wide ranging are the theoretical methods that have been applied towards a better understanding of fluid turbulence. In this book a number of these methods are described and applied to a broad range of problems from the transition to turbulence to asymptotic turbulence when the inertial part of the spectrum is fully developed. Statistical as well as nonstatistical treatments are presented, but a complete coverage of the subject is not attempted. The book will be of interest to scientists and engineers who wish to familiarize themselves with modern developments in theories of turbulence. The fact that the properties of turbulent fluid flow are addressed from very different points of view makes this volume rather unique among presently available books on turbulence.

Physical and Physiological Forest Ecology

Physical and Physiological Forest Ecology
Author: Pertti Hari
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 541
Release: 2012-12-24
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9400756038

This book introduces a holistic synthesis of carbon and nitrogen fluxes in forest ecosystems from cell to stand level during the lifetime of trees. Establishing that metabolism and physical phenomena give rise to concentration, pressure and temperature differences that generate the material and energy fluxes between living organisms and their environment. The editors and authors utilize physiological, physical and anatomical background information to formulate theoretical ideas dealing with the effects of the environment and the state of enzymes, membrane pumps and pigments on metabolism. The emergent properties play an important role in the transitions from detailed to more aggregate levels in the ecosystem. Conservation of mass and energy allow the construction of dynamic models of carbon and nitrogen fluxes and pools at various levels in the hierarchy of forest ecosystems.

Aviation Turbulence

Aviation Turbulence
Author: Robert Sharman
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 529
Release: 2016-06-27
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 331923630X

Anyone who has experienced turbulence in flight knows that it is usually not pleasant, and may wonder why this is so difficult to avoid. The book includes papers by various aviation turbulence researchers and provides background into the nature and causes of atmospheric turbulence that affect aircraft motion, and contains surveys of the latest techniques for remote and in situ sensing and forecasting of the turbulence phenomenon. It provides updates on the state-of-the-art research since earlier studies in the 1960s on clear-air turbulence, explains recent new understanding into turbulence generation by thunderstorms, and summarizes future challenges in turbulence prediction and avoidance.

Numerical Simulation of Optical Wave Propagation with Examples in MATLAB

Numerical Simulation of Optical Wave Propagation with Examples in MATLAB
Author: Jason Daniel Schmidt
Publisher: Society of Photo Optical
Total Pages: 196
Release: 2010
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780819483263

Numerical Simulation of Optical Wave Propagation is solely dedicated to wave-optics simulations. The book discusses digital Fourier transforms (FT), FT-based operations, multiple methods of wave-optics simulations, sampling requirements, and simulations in atmospheric turbulence.

Spatiotemporal Random Fields

Spatiotemporal Random Fields
Author: George Christakos
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 698
Release: 2017-07-26
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128030321

Spatiotemporal Random Fields: Theory and Applications, Second Edition, provides readers with a new and updated edition of the text that explores the application of spatiotemporal random field models to problems in ocean, earth, and atmospheric sciences, spatiotemporal statistics, and geostatistics, among others. The new edition features considerable detail of spatiotemporal random field theory, including ordinary and generalized models, as well as space-time homostationary, isostationary and hetrogeneous approaches. Presenting new theoretical and applied results, with particular emphasis on space-time determination and interpretation, spatiotemporal analysis and modeling, random field geometry, random functionals, probability law, and covariance construction techniques, this book highlights the key role of space-time metrics, the physical interpretation of stochastic differential equations, higher-order space-time variability functions, the validity of major theoretical assumptions in real-world practice (covariance positive-definiteness, metric-adequacy etc.), and the emergence of interdisciplinary phenomena in conditions of multi-sourced real-world uncertainty. - Contains applications in the form of examples and case studies, providing readers with first-hand experiences - Presents an easy to follow narrative which progresses from simple concepts to more challenging ideas - Includes significant updates from the previous edition, including a focus on new theoretical and applied results

Optical Wireless Communications for Broadband Global Internet Connectivity

Optical Wireless Communications for Broadband Global Internet Connectivity
Author: Arun K. Majumdar
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 320
Release: 2018-10-19
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128134062

Optical Wireless Communications for Broadband Global Internet Connectivity: Fundamental and Potential Applications provides a comprehensive overview for readers who require information about the fundamental science behind optical wireless communications, as well as up-to-date advanced knowledge of the state-of-the-art technologies available today. The book is a useful resource for scientists, researchers, engineers and students interested in understanding optical, wireless communication systems for global channels. Readers will find beneficial knowledge on how related technologies of optical wireless communications can be integrated into achieving worldwide Internet connectivity. - Presents an in-depth coverage of information on optical wireless communication in a single source - Combines the fundamentals with the most recent advanced technology of achieving global Internet access and connectivity - Provides derivations of the mathematical equations - Includes between chapter sections where information and learning from one chapter is connected to other chapters

The Atmospheric Boundary Layer

The Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Author: J. R. Garratt
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 340
Release: 1994-04-21
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 9780521467452

The book gives a comprehensive and lucid account of the science of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). There is an emphasis on the application of the ABL to numerical modelling of the climate. The book comprises nine chapters, several appendices (data tables, information sources, physical constants) and an extensive reference list. Chapter 1 serves as an introduction, with chapters 2 and 3 dealing with the development of mean and turbulence equations, and the many scaling laws and theories that are the cornerstone of any serious ABL treatment. Modelling of the ABL is crucially dependent for its realism on the surface boundary conditions, and chapters 4 and 5 deal with aerodynamic and energy considerations, with attention to both dry and wet land surfaces and sea. The structure of the clear-sky, thermally stratified ABL is treated in chapter 6, including the convective and stable cases over homogeneous land, the marine ABL and the internal boundary layer at the coastline. Chapter 7 then extends the discussion to the cloudy ABL. This is seen as particularly relevant, since the extensive stratocumulus regions over the subtropical oceans and stratus regions over the Arctic are now identified as key players in the climate system. Finally, chapters 8 and 9 bring much of the book's material together in a discussion of appropriate ABL and surface parameterization schemes in general circulation models of the atmosphere that are being used for climate simulation.

Microclimate for Cultural Heritage

Microclimate for Cultural Heritage
Author: Dario Camuffo
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 584
Release: 2019-06-25
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0444641076

Microclimate for Cultural Heritage: Measurement, Risk Assessment, Conservation, Restoration, and Maintenance of Indoor and Outdoor Monuments, Third Edition, presents the latest on microclimates, environmental issues and the conservation of cultural heritage. It is a useful treatise on microphysics, acting as a practical handbook for conservators and specialists in physics, chemistry, architecture, engineering, geology and biology who focus on environmental issues and the conservation of works of art. It fills a gap between the application of atmospheric sciences, like the thermodynamic processes of clouds and dynamics of planetary boundary layer, and their application to a monument surface or a room within a museum. Sections covers applied theory, environmental issues and conservation, practical utilization, along with suggestions, examples, common issues and errors. - Connects theory to practice with clear illustrations, useful examples, and case studies - Covers practical issues, e.g. rising damp, moulds, and pests, indoor heating, thermal comfort, green lighting technology, performing field surveys - Presents the latest standards for measuring cultural assets and their environment - Discusses climate change and indoor - outdoor potential scenarios, including sea-level rise

Physical and Dynamical Meteorology

Physical and Dynamical Meteorology
Author: David Brunt
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 455
Release: 2011-09-22
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1107601436

First published in 1934, and then in a second edition in 1939, this book reviews theoretical meteorology at the time. Where theory failed to explain phenomena, the author limited himself to a description of the phenomena and an indication of such theory as was felt to be helpful.