Development Of A Test Methodology For Determining The Efficacy Of One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma Against Airborne Contaminants
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Author | : Ronald Edward Domitrovic |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 164 |
Release | : 2006 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781109893052 |
A universal generation curve is developed for a parallel electrode reactor in which ozone generation rates can be determined from the known Reynolds number, electrode diameter to electrode gap ratio and plasma power to air flow power ratio. It is shown that ozone generation follows a bell shaped curve with increasing rates of production at a low ratio of plasma power to flow power, reaching a maximum and then decreasing to nearly zero at sufficiently high values of plasma power to flow power ratio. A principal area of development for OAUGDP and other atmospheric plasmas is for their use in destroying microorganisms, both on surfaces and in air streams. The ducted OAUGDP system was experimentally tested for efficacy against Bacillus atrophaeus endospores and results are presented in terms of the Reynolds number, the dimensionless plasma exposure time and the plasma power to airflow power ratio. Higher Reynolds numbers require higher treatment times for a given plasma power to flow power ratio.
Author | : Chaoyu Liu |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 212 |
Release | : 1995 |
Genre | : Glow discharge plasma |
ISBN | : |
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 72 |
Release | : 2006 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
A plasma reactor system has been developed to provide roll-to-roll surface treatment of fabrics and films using an air plasma. Effects of air plasma surface treatment at one atmosphere can include etching, cleaning, sterilization, disinfection, and increasing surface energy, all without the use of chemical inputs and with minimal toxic by-products. Webs can be continuously and uniformly treated by proper control of gas flow, electrode configuration, plasma parameters, fabric speed, and fabric tension. Tests conducted in this work focused on raising the surface energy of PET and HDPE using various electrode configurations. For industrial applications, the exposure time required to make the surface wettable (having a contact angle less than 20 degrees) should be one second or less. The reactor system was tested with a variety of electrode geometries, two of the more successful of which were a variable gap curved-to-flat plate geometry that consists of a rotating, grounded, stainless steel drum in combination with a flat transparent upper electrode. In this configuration, a One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma(OAUGDP)® exists at the minimum gap, but tends to transition to a filamentary glow discharge as the gap widens. This filamentation was minimized by proper gas flow and adjustment of the dielectric barrier configuration, reducing any negative impact on processing results. When a transparent electrode configuration is in use, the phenomenology of this unique plasma volume can be studied in situ in both the normal and transverse directions with respect to the electric field. Results are compared to previous experiments conducted in the Plasma Sciences Laboratory using static sample exposure, including effects of the exposure duration time and the ageing effect. Contact angle measurements based on the sessile water drop test were conducted to confirm proper operation and uniformity of effect.
Author | : Alexander Fridman |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 888 |
Release | : 2004-04-15 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9781560328483 |
Plasma engineering is a rapidly expanding area of science and technology with increasing numbers of engineers using plasma processes over a wide range of applications. An essential tool for understanding this dynamic field, Plasma Physics and Engineering provides a clear, fundamental introduction to virtually all aspects of modern plasma science and technology, including plasma chemistry and engineering, combustion, chemical physics, lasers, electronics, methods of material treatment, fuel conversion, and environmental control. The book contains an extensive database on plasma kinetics and thermodynamics, many helpful numerical formulas for practical calculations, and an array of problems and concept questions.
Author | : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 728 |
Release | : 2010 |
Genre | : Government publications |
ISBN | : |
This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Author | : NN Misra |
Publisher | : Academic Press |
Total Pages | : 382 |
Release | : 2016-07-15 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 012801489X |
Cold Plasma in Food and Agriculture: Fundamentals and Applications is an essential reference offering a broad perspective on a new, exciting, and growing field for the food industry. Written for researchers, industry personnel, and students interested in nonthermal food technology, this reference will lay the groundwork of plasma physics, chemistry, and technology, and their biological applications. Food scientists and food engineers interested in understanding the theory and application of nonthermal plasma for food will find this book valuable because it provides a roadmap for future developments in this emerging field. This reference is also useful for biologists, chemists, and physicists who wish to understand the fundamentals of plasma physics, chemistry, and technology and their biological interactions through applying novel plasma sources to food and other sensitive biomaterials. Examines the topic of cold plasma technology for food applications Demonstrates state-of-the-art developments in plasma technology and potential solutions to improve food safety and quality Presents a solid introduction for readers on the topics of plasma physics and chemistry that are required to understand biological applications for foods Serves as a roadmap for future developments for food scientists, food engineers, and biologists, chemists, and physicists working in this emerging field
Author | : DIANE Publishing Company |
Publisher | : DIANE Publishing |
Total Pages | : 267 |
Release | : 1995-07 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 0788119125 |
Author | : International Atomic Energy Agency |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 146 |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : Environmental sampling |
ISBN | : 9789201189103 |
The 1990s saw significant developments in the global non-proliferation landscape, resulting in a new period of safeguards development. The current publication, which is the second revision and update of IAEA/NVS/1, is intended to give a full and balanced description of the safeguards techniques and equipment used for nuclear material accountancy, containment and surveillance measures, environmental sampling, and data security. New features include a section on new and novel technologies. As new verification measures continue to be developed, the material in this book will be reviewed periodically and updated versions issued.
Author | : Ian Colbeck |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 522 |
Release | : 2014-02-03 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1119977924 |
AEROSOL SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS Aerosols influence many areas of our daily life. They are at the core of environmental problems such as global warming, photochemical smog and poor air quality. They can also have diverse effects on human health, where exposure occurs in both outdoor and indoor environments. However, aerosols can have beneficial effects too; the delivery of drugs to the lungs, the delivery of fuels for combustion and the production of nanomaterials all rely on aerosols. Advances in particle measurement technologies have made it possible to take advantage of rapid changes in both particle size and concentration. Likewise, aerosols can now be produced in a controlled fashion. Reviewing many technological applications together with the current scientific status of aerosol modelling and measurements, this book includes: Satellite aerosol remote sensing The effects of aerosols on climate change Air pollution and health Pharmaceutical aerosols and pulmonary drug delivery Bioaerosols and hospital infections Particle emissions from vehicles The safety of emerging nanomaterials Radioactive aerosols: tracers of atmospheric processes With the importance of this topic brought to the public's attention after the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull, this book provides a timely, concise and accessible overview of the many facets of aerosol science.
Author | : Vitaly Fedchenko |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 310 |
Release | : 2015 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 0198736649 |
Nuclear material changes its form and properties as it moves through the nuclear fuel cycle, from one facility to another. Each step of the fuel cycle or each use of the material will inevitably leave its mark. The science of determining the history of a sample of nuclear material through the study of these characteristics is known as nuclear forensics. While nuclear forensic analysis has normally been associated with investigations and prosecutions in the contextof trafficking of nuclear materials or nuclear terrorism, it had wider applications in in national security contexts, such as nuclear non-proliferation, disarmament, and arms control. The New Nuclear Forensics is the first book to give a definitive guide to this broader definition of nuclear forensic analysis. This book describes the various methods used in nuclear forensics, giving first a broad introduction to the process followed by details of relevant measurement techniques and procedures. In each case, the advantages and limitations are outlined. To put these methods in context, the book also recounts the history of the discipline anddescribes the diverse contemporary applications of nuclear forensics.