Development and Use of Compact Instruments for Tropospheric Investigations Based on Optical Spectroscopy from Mobile Platforms

Development and Use of Compact Instruments for Tropospheric Investigations Based on Optical Spectroscopy from Mobile Platforms
Author: Alexis Merlaud
Publisher: Presses univ. de Louvain
Total Pages: 225
Release: 2013-03-31
Genre: Science
ISBN: 2875581287
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This thesis presents the development of four different remote-sensing instruments dedicated to atmospheric research and their use in field campaigns between 2008 and 2012. The instruments are based on uv-visible spectrometers and installed respectively on a scientific aircraft, ultralight aircraft, and cars. One of the instruments is targeted to operate from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) technique is used to quantify the molecular absorption in the spectra of scattered sky light. These absorptions are then interpreted by modeling the transfer of radiation in the atmosphere. Airborne platforms enable new measurement geometries, leading for instance to a high sensitivity in the free troposphere. On the other hand, a miniaturization effort is required, especially for the instruments onboard ultralight aircraft and UAV. Reaching the limited size, weight, and power consumption is possible through the use of compact spectrometers and computers, together with custom built electronics circuits and housings. A common target of the different experiments is to quantify tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Regarding this trace gas, the developed instruments provide complementary findings, such as the vertical distribution in the pristine Arctic or the levels in the exhaust plumes of large cities like Riyadh. Car-borne measurements in North-West Europe reveal the horizontal gradients of surface NO2 at various scales. The UAV payload is intended to produce high spatial resolution maps of tropospheric NO2 columns.

Atmospheric Measurements with Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS)

Atmospheric Measurements with Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS)
Author: Marcelo I. Guzman
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2021-03-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3039439855
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This book is the first literature collection focused on the development and implementation of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and their integration with sensors for atmospheric measurements on Earth. The research covered in the book combines chemical, physical, and meteorological measurements performed in field campaigns, as well as conceptual and laboratory work. Useful examples for the development of platforms and autonomous systems for environmental studies are provided, which demonstrate how careful the operation of sensors aboard UAS must be to gather information for remote sensing in the atmosphere. The work serves as a key collection of articles to introduce the topic to new researchers interested in the field, guide future studies, and motivate measurements to improve our understanding of the Earth’s complex atmosphere.

Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry, Applications

Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry, Applications
Author: Richard A. Crocombe
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 608
Release: 2021-04-28
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1119636434
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The most comprehensive resource available on the many applications of portable spectrometers, including material not found in any other published work Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry: Volume Two is an authoritative and up-to-date compendium of the diverse applications for portable spectrometers across numerous disciplines. Whereas Volume One focuses on the specific technologies of the portable spectrometers themselves, Volume Two explores the use of portable instruments in wide range of fields, including pharmaceutical development, clinical research, food analysis, forensic science, geology, astrobiology, cultural heritage and archaeology. Volume Two features contributions by a multidisciplinary team of experts with hands-on experience using portable instruments in their respective areas of expertise. Organized both by instrumentation type and by scientific or technical discipline, 21 detailed chapters cover various applications of portable ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), infrared and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, Raman and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, smartphone spectroscopy, and many others. Filling a significant gap in literature on the subject, the second volume of Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry: Features a significant amount of content published for the first time, or not available in existing literature Brings together work by authors with assorted backgrounds and fields of study Discusses the central role of applications in portable instrument development Covers the algorithms, calibrations, and libraries that are of critical importance to successful applications of portable instruments Includes chapters on portable spectroscopy applications in areas such as the military, agriculture and feed, hazardous materials (HazMat), art conservation, and environmental science Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry: Volume Two is an indispensable resource for developers of portable instruments in universities, research institutes, instrument companies, civilian and government purchasers, trainers, operators of portable instruments, and educators and students in portable spectroscopy courses.